1944] Genus Lycoeides 113 
the outline of the latter seems as it were carved out (as if some- 
body had taken a sheet of paper that happened to be neatly 
ruled and had cut out a butterfly, ignoring the lines), after 
which the transversal disposition of the markings was more or 
less adapted to the new shape (especially in the case of the more 
distal markings) in consequence of which they ceased to follow 
the curvature of the scale lines. Its center in regard to the fore- 
wing lies outside the root of the latter at a point corresponding 
to the root of the forewing on the opposite side of the thorax, 
i.e.j at a distance from the base of the wing equal to the breadth 
of the body at that point; the hindwing center, however, is 
situated at the very root of the wing (base of costa), so that in 
order to make the two curvatures coincide, the right hindwing 
must be placed upon the right forewing in such a way as to 
have its hub coincide with the root of the left forewing (see 
plate V). My ignorance of mathematical and mechanical mat- 
ters is prodigious, and thus I am quite incapable of following up 
certain lines of thought which these curious facts suggest. 
Four veins have been lost in the course of the development 
of the Lycaenidse or of their ancestors. The first to go was an 
additional radial nervule between ScR and Rs. The next to go 
was 3A of hindwing. Its more recent disappearance is suggested 
by the rather constant rheniform shape of macule 2 A and by a 
slight halving of the cretule (q.v.) due to the occurrence of a line 
of weak scales (or a very slight scar) following the old 3 A 
course upon a slightly darker ground. The last two veins to go 
were 1A and M, probably more or less simultaneously, their 
remnants being very similar. These remnants are: the still 
quite definite separation of first macule (q.v.) in 1A from that 
in Cu 2 (the oldest set), the somewhat less definite (in hindwing 
especially so) separation of the second macule (q.v.) in 1A from 
that in Cu 2 (a more recently evolved set) and the distinct scar 
of vein 1A. I have treated it as an existing vein in my classifica- 
tion of macules. A similar scar is visible in cell RM, the intra- 
cellular macule of the hindwing being placed under that scar 
(in other genera there is also an upper macule), and conse- 
quently I call it M. The discoidal double macule (RM) placed 
upon two very weak and often partly obsolescent discales, is 
very like macules Cu 2 + 1A (the + denoting their frequent 
fusion). It seems likely that the third macules in Sc and Cu 2 of 
the hindwing travelled to their present positions distad after 
