1944] Genus Lycceides 129 
ment in its immediate neighborhood). The halves of the halo 
which has split together with each first macule are termed 
cretules but only the proximal one is represented in full. The 
inner part of each first macule is the semimacule (capped or 
rimmed proximally by the cretule) and the outer part is the 
proeterminal mark (adorned in hindwing with the scintilla). 
The fissure between the two parts is the interval (extending in 
average size races from about 5 to 20 scale lines in Cu 4 of fore- 
wing, always correspondingly more in hindwing) which may 
be, and generally is, more or less completely filled by the auroral 
element — an agglomeration of brightly colored scales differ- 
entiated from the ground, and associated with the splitting of 
macules. In the female the semimacules and praeterminal 
marks may appear in darker pigment within the fuscous ground 
of the upperside, and the series of aurorce is often repeated, 
completely or in part; but in the males with average overlay 
only the praeterminal marks appear (as insuloe) although in 
very rare aberrations the posterior aurorae of hindwing may be 
repeated (as happens more often in forms of Plebejus argus L., 
becomes fairly normal in its allies and is characteristic of the 
smaller Icaricia where the auroral development resembles that 
found in certain Glauc opsy chince) . All parts of the first macule 
are less developed in the forewing than in the hindwing, where 
again those in M 3 and especially Cu x (there extremely devel- 
oped in “tailed” genera) are stronger than in the rest of the 
interspaces. 
Villa. Elements of First Macule. 
1. Semimacule : 14 generally crescentic, sagittate, or deltoid 
(pointing basad upon the interneural fold) in hindwing (from 
i.Sc to A 2 inch); when well developed, spanning almost the 
whole breadth of the interspace, except in Sc, Rs, and M lt where 
it is shorter and often reduced to an uneven bar-like shape; 
often tending to the latter shape in all interspaces of forewing 
(from i.R 4 to i.lA incl.) where each is shorter than the corre- 
sponding one of the hindwing and may seem blurred to the 
naked eye owing to a weaker pigmentation. Variable in longi- 
tudinal extension; quite absent only in extreme individuals of 
very weakly pigmented races. 
14 The “rather narrow bent lunule” of Scudder and the “crescent,” “flat cres- 
cent,” “arrowhead,” and “chevron” of Chapman ; those two authors have left by 
far the best descriptions of the Lycaeides pattern. 
