1944] Genus Lycoeides 131 
a more velvety appearance on the upperside of the female where 
it may be under or overdeveloped in comparison to the under- 
side in the same specimen and where its color ranges from a 
bleached neutral shade to a rich fulvous (the slight discrep- 
ancy in tone between the two surfaces being due to a difference 
in the degree of the ground pigmentation as well as to the sparser 
spread of colored scales forming the average upperside aurora) ; 
at its full development on the underside snugly fitting into 
the interval between the semimacule which caps it and the 
corresponding praeterminal mark which it caps in its turn; 
often represented in all intervals; tending, however, to be ill- 
formed, underdeveloped, or absent in the primaries, especially 
in R 4 , M 4 , M 2 , Cu 2 , and A x (termed the weak interspaces ) of 
the male underside and of the female upperside; in a few female 
forms, however, hypertrophied on the upperside and espe- 
cially conspicuously so in the forewing, the sequence reach- 
ing there from costa to dorsum and swamping a stretch corre- 
sponding to that occupied on the underside by the inner cretule 
+ semimacule + aurora, thus forming a broad “band” with a 
more or less diffuse proximal edge (see also II); when under- 
developed the aurora edges the interval always proximally, 
i.e., does not reach the praeterminal mark in its growth distad 
from “beneath” the semimacule (the remaining gap being 
either concolorous with the ground or colorless) . It is the first 
to develop, or the last to go, in Cu 4 (with its neighbor in M 3 
following closely). Completely absent only in extreme indi- 
viduals of weakly pigmented forms. 
5a. Cusps: when fully developed and especially in Cu 4 and 
M 3 of the hindwing underside, the crescent of the aurora is 
prolonged distad by two (inner and outer) pairs of cusps and 
occupies the whole breadth of the interspace; the inner cusp 
clasps the praeterminal mark laterally, the outer one runs next 
to the vein and fuses upon the vein with the outer cusp of the 
adjacent aurora to finally penetrate and bisect the inner triangle 
of the terminal line; in the forewing and in the anterior inter- 
spaces of the hindwing the outer cusp tends to be absent, so 
that the aurorae (and their semimacules) do not touch the veins 
and are separate from each other. 
5b. Lacrimce: in some richly pigmented and strongly devel- 
oped forms there are on the underside two or four streamlets of 
blurred auroral pigment coming as it were from beneath the 
