1944] Genus Lycceides 133 
genera in Plebejinx where the constellation is of the same type) 
coupled with the also rather distal position of R 2 or R 3 , when 
occurring (not shown in the figures), is instrumental in weaken- 
ing the curvature of the arc and producing its “sideways” posi- 
tion already discussed. The same figure also shows the most 
proximal position of macule Cu 4 which is at this stage in an 
oblique line (the radianal slant , reoccurring throughout the 
family) with RM and Cu 2 + 1A. Under RM this imaginary 
line diverges distad from the latter’s scale line to finally cross 
the scale-line of macule Cu 2 . Fig. 2b shows a middle position 
which is most frequently found in this genus. Fig. 2c shows the 
most distal position of Cu 4 (except that the whole series can 
move still further if the semimacules are further removed than 
they are in average forms) when the series is roughly adapted 
to the sequence of the first macules which in its turn is sub- 
parallel to the outline of the termen. The tendency to assume 
one of the two extreme positions (a, b) is sometimes a racial 
character. 
In forewings of average extension (about 200 s.l. in M 4 and 
185 in Cu 4 ) and with semimacule Cu 4 having reached s.l. 150 
or thereabouts, the range of movement of the center of macule 
Cu 4 (and it is this center which is referred to throughout), is 
from s.l. 105, at which initial point in Lycceides it is about 50 
s.l. removed from the apex of its cell (which thus is less than 
macule R 4 has travelled from the apex of cell R 4 but more than 
the distance covered by the other anterior macules in regard 
to their respective cells — although curiously enough all de- 
scribers, being obsessed by the notion that macules must form 
“lines,” speak of Cu 4 in this position as “advanced basally”) to 
s.l. 135, at which point it has 50 scale lines to go if it wishes to 
reach the termen, which of course it cannot, since the split first 
macule occupies the remaining space. Thus its range of activity 
is 30 s.l. which is somewhat less than 1/4 of the length of its 
interspace and about 2/5 of the distance from the proximal 
position of Cu 4 to the termen (this range varies racially). The 
width of the interval between semimacule (inner I) and prae- 
terminal mark (outer I) (see fig. 2d, e, f) is mainly dependent 
on the position which the former had reached when the macule 
I split (the outer part wandering distad) . The breadth of the fis- 
sure (interval I) ranges from 4 s.l. to at least 20 (average sized 
males). The space available for the progress of macule Cu 4 
