6 Psyche [March-June 
Adaptation to surroundings, to climate, altitude etc ., and 
hence “natural selection” in its simplest sense, certainly had no 
direct action whatever on the moulding of the genital armature, 
and we know nothing of the physiological processes of which 
that elaborate sculpture is the structural overflow. While ac- 
cepting evolution as a modal formula, I am not satisfied with 
any of the hypotheses advanced in regard to the way it works ; 
on the other hand, I am quite certain that repetitions of struc- 
ture, on the Siberian tundra and on the paramos of the Andes, 
on a mountain in India and on an island in the Caribbean Sea, 
cannot be treated as a result of haphazard “convergence” since 
the number of coincident characters in one element, let alone 
the coincidence of that coincident number with a set of char- 
acters in another element, exceeds anything that might be pro- 
duced by “chance.” Hence the conviction that there is some 
phylogenetic link where there is a recurrence of similar genitalic 
characters and that certain groupings — the new genera to 
which we now must turn — may be so devised as to reflect the 
natural affiliations of the species. 
Plebejinae 
Stempffer, 1937-1938, Bull. Soc. ent. France 42: 211-218, 
296-300; Nabokov, 1944, Psyche 51: 104-105; = Plebeiidi , 
sensu Tutt [et Chapman], 1909, British Butt. 3: 150-159; 
Chapman, 1910, Ent. Rec. 22: 101-103; 1916 Trans. Ent. Soc. 
London 1916: 157-180; = u Plebeius + Polyommatus ” s. Be- 
thune Baker, 1914, Ent. Rec. 26: 164; Polyommatinoe , Forster 
1938, Mitt. Miinchner ent. Ges. 38: 111-116. 
Parachilades n.g. 
(fig. 1, figs. TIT, pi. 2,7) 
Type and only known species Lyccena titicaca Weymer 1890 
(in Reiss et Stiibel, Reisen in Siid-America, Lepidoptera : 1 2 2— 
123 “Titicaca Lake; Sajama, Bolivia,” pi. 4, fig. 6 [very poor] ; 
Itylos [si.] titicaca , Draudt, 1921, in Seitz, Macrolep. World, 
5 : 122, pi. 144, m [coarse copy of original fig.] ; Cupido speciosa 
the median uncal projection (a structure not found in Plebejince and wrongly, in 
my opinion, regarded as being formed by the fusion of the uncus lobes) fits 
exactly the vaginal plate of the female, both varying together according to the 
species. See also Chapman 1916, Trans. Ent. Soc. London 1916:170. 
