1945] Notes on Neotropical Plebejinoe 43 
and vein M 3 ; 2. a similar somewhat weaker fusion is added 
(not occurring alone) in the anterior part of cell M 3 and blends 
along vein M 3 with the fusion in the posterior part of cell M 2 ; 
3. halo IM (lower part of first discoidal) fuses with halo M 2 
which is fused with cretule M 2 ; 4. halo IIM is also involved, 
this producing a white comet tail traversing most of the wing, 
“splitting” it longitudinally and widening distally (owing to 
fusion 2). When, as often happens in Agrodieetus the rest of 
the halos and cretules are reduced while the median macules 
themselves are “dissolved,” so to speak, in the vitta, the effect 
is very striking. In Itylos the vitta effect is produced quite dif- 
ferently and may be termed a pseudovitta. At its full develop- 
ment it is formed by the fusion of the halos and cretules in M 3 , 
CUi, Cu 2 , and IA, and would not be distinguishable from sim- 
ilarly formed blendings in Lyceeides , Cyclargus , etc., had not 
the following three factors been present: 1. owing to the very 
proximal (“lagging”) position of second macule M 3 the fusion 
is lengthened in that cell; 2. together with the shorter fusions 
in the cubital cells it forms an elongated shiny white mark sub- 
parallel to the costa; 3. this blending is especially conspicuous 
because absent in M 2 and M 1 . 
Conclusions 
The following general remarks may be added. Of the nine 
neotropical genera none occur elsewhere. Three, namely Para- 
chilades , Paralyceeides and Itylos , have retained in the Andes 
(whither they brought them) structural shapes closely similar 
to such structures from which Chilades , Lyceeides and Aricia, 
respectively, can be easily imagined to have been derived in 
their Old World homes. Three, namely Pseudochrysops , Hemi- 
argus and Echinargus reveal certain characters of the palaeo- 
tropical Freyeria (the first) and Chilades , but have become 
strongly differentiated in the neotropics. Still more remote is 
the relationship between Cyclargus , Pseudothecla and Pseudo- 
lucia on one side and Old World forms on the other. It is to be 
noted however that Cyclargus and Hemiargus are allied to 
Aricia and Itylos in the falx. The general Hemiargus - Echin- 
argus - Cyclargus type of aedeagus is not found in the Old World 
and apparently represents a very ancient type retained and 
developed in the neotropics, but extinct or unrecognizably al- 
tered elsewhere. 
