70 
Psyche 
[Vol. 88 
Wheeler, G. L. and J. Wheeler. 
1976. Ant larvae: review and synthesis. Mem. Entomol. Soc. Wash. #7, vi + 
108 pp. 
Wheeler, W. M. 
1910. Ants, their structure, development and behavior. Columbia University 
Press, xxv + 663 pp. 
1914. New and little known harvesting ants of the genus Pogonomyrmex. 
Psyche 21 : 149-157. 
Whitford, W. G. 
1 972. Demography and bioenergetics of herbivorous ants in a desert ecosystem 
as functions of vegetation, soil type and weather variables. Unpublished 
manuscript. 
1976. Foraging behavior of Chihuahuan desert harvester ants. Amer. Midi. 
Nat. 95 : 455-458. 
1978a. Foraging in seed-harvester ants Pogonomyrmex spp. Ecology 59 : 
185-189. 
1978b. Structure and seasonal activity of Chihuahua desert ant communities. 
Ins. Soc. 25: 79-88. 
Whitford, W. G. and M. Bryant. 
1979. Behavior of a predator and its prey: the horned lizard ( Phrynosoma 
cornutum) and harvester ants ( Pogonomyrmex spp.) Ecology 60 : 
686-694. 
Whitford, W. G. and G. Ettershank. 
1975. Factors affecting foraging activity in Chihuahuan desert harvester ants. 
Environ. Entomol. : 689-696 
Whitford, W. G., P. Johnson and J. Ramirez. 
1976. Comparative ecology of the harvester ants Pogonomyrmex barbatus (F. 
Smith) and Pogonomyrmex rugosus (Emery). Ins. Soc. 23 : 117-132. 
Wildermuth, V. L. and E. G. Davis. 
1931. The red harvester ant and how to subdue it. U.S.D.A. Farmers’ Bull. 
#1668, 21 pp. 
Willard, J. R. and H. H. Crowell. 
1965. Biological activities of the harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex owyheei in 
central Oregon. J. Econ. Entomol. 58: 484-489. 
Wilson, E. O. 
1971. The insect societies. Belknap Press, x + 548 pp. 
Appendix 1. List of the populations of the excavated Pogonomyrmex spp. nests, 
including workers (W), larvae (L), pupae (P), callows (C), males (M), and females 
(F). The position of the queen and maximum depth of the nests are expressed in 
centimeters. The dates indicated are when the excavation was begun. 
Position 
Date W L P C F M of queen Depth 
Pogonomyrmex montanus 
21 Sept 77 793 7 514 0 0 0 50 50 
23 Sept 77 1918 123 578 0 0 0 40 40 
