184 
Psyche 
[Vol. 88 
above the Sarapiqui roadcut. Adult densities appear to be very low, 
similar to that of Z. tympanum, but difficult to determine due to the 
highly mobile habits of males. 
Fidicina mannifera, both sexes, is dark brown with some dark 
green markings on the head and thorax and with tinges of brown 
along the veins of the wings. The body is very pubescent. Males 
generally call at dusk and dawn and usually for about 15 20 minutes 
during each period. The call is a very intense pulsating shrill buzz. 
Based upon observing a total of close to 20 individuals at this 
locality, there is about a 50:50 chance that a male just completing a 
call will stay in the same tree. Males are heard primarily inside the 
forest and on the lower slope and along the river. Densities are very 
low with probably only one or two males per 1000m 2 of forest 
habitat. 
Carineta postica, also illustrated in Young (1975), is black with 
green markings on the head and thorax and with the entire body 
blanketed in setae. The wings are smoky and calling males have the 
habit of perchng head-downward on the trunks of forest trees, a 
behavioral trait separating the larger-sized members of the genus 
from all other Neotropical cicadas. Males sing from moss-covered 
tree trunks and branches inside the river-edge forest and along the 
river itself. Densities are low, with 1-5 calling males per 500m 2 of 
forest and with calling limited to the late afternoon or overcast 
conditions during the dry season. The call consists of repeated 
coarse “zip-zip” sounds, and is reminiscent of a muted version of the 
call of the familiar cone-headed grasshopper of North America. 
This species may also be C. trivitatta Walker as specimens of both 
species are very similar in size and coloration. Clarification awaits 
further study. 
Carineta sp. is pea-green with clear wings and calls from forest 
edge trees such as Ceeropia during the wet season. It is of same size 
and profile as C. postica but is most abundant near the top of the 
ravine. The call is also similar to that of C. postica but somewhat 
louder and calling is generally a dusk phenomenon. Sometimes as 
many as eight males have been seen perched at different heights on 
the trunk of the same Ceeropia tree. 
The data on temporal emergence patterns annually from the 
censuses of nymphal skins present a more diffuse picture of 
seasonality in the cicadas at Cuesta Angel (Fig. 6). Caution is given 
here in that these data are very fragmentary and discontinuous, 
