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[Vol. 88 
the data also show, that for larger areas of environment as typified 
here by the river-edge plots, there are not necessarily going to be 
increases in densities of insects recovered. 
Discussion 
Of the six species studied at Cuesta Angel, none are exclusive to 
the locality, but other locality records from Costa Rica indicate 
similar elevations and habitat. Fidicina n.sp., Zammara tympanum, 
and both species of Carineta have been collected at Turrialba, 
Cartago Province as shown by specimens in the collections at The 
University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. The species I term C. 
postica may also be C. trivitatta Walker, which has also been 
collected from the San Jose area, Guapiles (Limon Province) and 
Bajo La Hondura (San Jose Province). Two other cicadas, F. 
sericans and F. mannifera, have much more extensive ranges in 
Costa Rica as both have been collected and studied in premontane 
and lowland tropical wet forest regions of the Atlantic coastal 
watershed (Young 1972; 1980b), and mannifera also occurs in the 
semi-dry to dry forest region of the western provinces of Puntarenas 
and Guanacaste (Young 198 la, c). Given the topography of the 
Cuesta Angel region relative to the adjacent lowlands, it is not 
surprising to find species such as sericans and mannifera along a 
more or less continuous elevational gradient within the wet forest 
region and over a range of about 90 1 100 meters. Yet this is not true 
for the genus Zammara or Carineta since entirely different species 
occur in the adjacent premontane and lowland wet forest regions of 
northeastern Costa Rica (Young 1972; 1976; 1980b). From both 
records of adults calling and nymphal skins, both sericans and 
mannifera occur at much lower densities in the Cuesta Angel 
montane wet forest than they do in adjacent premontane and 
lowland wet forests. Given these records, it is concuded tentatively 
that cicadas such as F. n.sp., Z. tympanum, and the two species of 
Carineta studied are montane species associated with wet forests 
while F. sericans and F. mannifera are lower elevation forms also 
associated with generally wet forests and semi-dry forests. Thus the 
Cuesta Angel cicada fauna is a mixture of montane and lower 
elevation tropical wet forest cicadas. 
Both generic and specific richness of cicadas at Cuesta Angel are 
not as high as they are in the adjacent lower elevations. There are six 
