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Psyche 
[Vol. 88 
position of the group was recorded as 1, 2, 3, or 4 or more leaves 
above starting position. The designation “4 or more” included leaf 
no. 4 and several small leaves at the growing tip of the plant. 
RESULTS 
Egg masses of G. solani are deposited on the underside of leaves, 
and first instar larvae feed from the leaf surface between the eggs 
and then from the areas adjacent to the eggs. The larvae are usually 
in a compact circular formation while feeding, and the aggregation 
moves away from the oviposition site as leaf tissue is destroyed. 
Feeding sites become yellow or brown in color and also brittle. On a 
large eggplant leaf, nymphs may pass through several instars before 
consuming most of the leafs soft tissue. On the relatively smaller 
horse nettle leaf, an aggregation consumes the edible portion of a 
leaf more quickly and then moves to another leaf. 
MOVEMENTS TO NEW FEEDING SITES 
Movements to new sites on the same leaf seemed to proceed 
gradually and with little intervention from the female. As individ- 
uals in the aggregation withdrew their stylets, they moved away 
from where they were feeding, bumping into adjacent nymphs. 
These bumped nymphs in turn withdrew their stylets and moved or 
milled about, bumping into other nymphs until the entire aggrega- 
tion was activated. Movement from the feeding site to another 
feeding site on the same leaf then ensued. Movement to a new leaf 
usually occurred after 75% or more of the leaf was damaged and 
often lasted for about an hour. The parent female, also activated by 
the milling nymphs, usually moved slowly down the petiole while 
keeping close physical contact with the nymphs immediately behind 
her. If there was any break in contact, the nearest nymphs moved 
forward and touched the tips of the female’s wings with their 
antennae, or the female turned around and touched her antennae to 
those of the nearest advancing nymphs. During one group move- 
ment, the female waited first at the axil of the new leaf and then on 
the underside of the petiole, as nymphs filed by her. This behavior 
was identical to that observed during alarm responses. On two 
occasions, the female seemed to initiate movement of the nymphs by 
forcing her way into the cluster of feeding nymphs; but this occurred 
only when the nymphs were in the earlier instars and were moving 
