1981] 
Kearns & Yamamoto — Gargaphia 
227 
Figure 4. Adult female of G. solani responding to coccinellid, Olla abdominalis. 
nymphs and pointed the tip of her abdomen toward them as she 
fanned her wings. This behavior suggests that the fanning may be 
used to propel a pheromone toward the group. One female was 
observed to use wing fanning to prevent the movement of an 
aggregation. The female was oriented at the base of the leaf, headed 
toward the group of nymphs. When 2 nymphs left the group, moved 
down the mid-vein, and approached her, she fanned her wings. The 
nymphs’ response was a retreat. 
AGGREGATION 
There is some indirect evidence for an aggregation pheromone or 
for the nymphs’ need for physical contact with each other. Upon 
hatching, nymphs feed near the egg mass for a short period and then 
move away as an aggregation. Older nymphs wander away from 
their own aggregations and join others, stray fifth instars being 
particularly conspicuous when they join groups of first and second 
