1981] 
Levings & Traniello — Territoriality in Ants 
315 
mex octospinosus (Reich) in cultivated fields. Transactions of the Royal 
Entomological Society of London 127: 51-64. 
Lewis, T., G. V. Pollard, and G. C. Dibley. 
1974. Rhythmic foraging in the leaf cutting ant Atta cephalotes. Journal of 
Animal Ecology 43: 129-141. 
Lynch, J., E. C. Balinsky, and S. G. Vail. 
1980. Foraging patterns in three sympatric forest ant species, Prenolepis 
imparts, Paratrechina melanderi and Aphaenogaster rudis (Hymenop- 
tera: Formicidae). Ecological Entomology 5: 353-371. 
Mabelis, A. A. 
1979. The relationship between aggression and predation in the red wood ant 
(Formica polyctena FoRrst.). Netherlands Journal of Zoology 29: 
451-620. 
MacArthur, R. H., and R. Levins. 
1967. The limiting similarity, convergence and divergence of coexisting species. 
American Naturalist 101 : 377-385. 
Majer, J. D. 
1976a. The maintenance of the ant mosaic in Ghana cocoa farms. Journal of 
Applied Ecology 13: 123-144. 
Majer, J. D. 
1976b. The ant mosaic in Ghana cocoa farms: further structural considerations. 
Journal of Applied Ecology 13: 145-153. 
Markl, H., and B. Holldobler. 
1978. Recruitment and food-retrieving behavior in Novomessor (Formicidae, 
Hymenoptera) II. Vibration Signals. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiol- 
ogy 4: 183-216. 
Marikovsky, P. I. 
1963. The ant Formica sanguinea Latr. as pillagers of Formica rufa Lin. nests. 
Insectes Sociaux 10 : 119-128. 
Morglich, M., and G. Alpert. 
1979. Stone-dropping by Conomyrma bicolor: a new kind of interference 
behavior in ants. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 6: 105-114. 
Muir, R. J. 
1974. A study of the coexistence of four sympatric species of Myrmecia 
(Formicidae). Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of New Eng- 
land, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia. 
Nipson, H. E. 
1978. Inbreeding in the ant species Formica exsectoides. Unpublished Ph.D. 
dissertation, Harvard University. 
Oster, G., and E. O. Wilson. 
1978. Caste and ecology in the social insects. Princeton University Press, 
Princeton, N.J. 
Petal, J. 
1972. Methods of investigating the productivity of ants. Ekologia Polska 20: 
9-22. 
Petal, J. 
1977. The effect of food supply and intraspecific competition in an ant 
