66 
Psyche 
[March 
with the Amblyoponini. It shares more characters with the small 
“degenerate” members of Gnamptogenys , but here again, though less 
certainly, I feel that the similarities may be convergent ones. The 
two main characters contributing to this opinion are the forewing 
venation of the larger Typhlomyrmex species (Mfi arising basad of 
cu-a) and the shape of the mandible in the larva (inflated basal part, 
suddenly narrowed to an acute apical blade). Even these characters 
do not weigh decisively against a possible origin of Typhlomyrmex 
from ectatommine ancestors, and it must be admitted that the con- 
vergence hypothesis is to some extent based on subjective impressions 
that remain to be tested. 
Tribe Typhlomyrmecini 
Genus Typhlomyrmex 
Typhlomyrmex Mayr, 1862, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 12: 736. Type 
species: Typhlomyrmex rogenhoferi Mayr, 1862, monobasic. 
Typhlomyrmex Emery, 1911, Gen. Insect., 1 18: 33-34, characterization and 
catalog of species. 
Nec Typhlomyrmex Gistel : J. Betrem and C. Jacot-Guillarmod have called 
my attention to a generic name Typhlomyrmex obscurely published by 
J. Gistel in his Mysterien der europaischen Insectennvelt (1856, cf. p. 
447) for a “Myrmica typhlops L.” This species name is a nomen 
nudum of Lund (not Linnaeus!), published in 1831 in Ann. Sci. Nat., 
23: 128. Because it was based on an unavailable species name, and is 
itself without description, indication or figure, Typhlomyrmex Gistel is 
considered to be a stillborn name (nomen nudum), and I am well 
satisfied to let it subside into permanent nomenclatorial limbo. 
Worker: Monophenic (“monomorphic”) or feebly polyphenic; 
size small (full length under 2 mm to slightly over 5 mm) ; pigment- 
poor, yellowish to ferruginous in color. 
Head parallel-sided, or sides slightly converging anteriad, occipital 
margin straight to slightly concave. Eyes reduced to minute vestiges 
with or without pigment. Clypeus with a broad, convex median part 
and narrow, concave side pieces, the anterior median border often 
with a narrow translucent margin, in a minority of cases produced as 
a variously-shaped small median process. Frontal carinae forming 
small frontal lobes that lie close together and roof a small basal part 
of the antennal scape insertion (but not the basal collar of the scape) ; 
lobes not or only weakly pinched in behind, and not expanded as in 
typical members of tribe Ponerini. Between the lobes lies a narrow, 
often indistinct frontal fossa, and a shallow median furrow may run 
back from the fossa to the vertex, or even to the occipital margin ; it 
is not usually as distinct as in most Ponerini. Antennae short, with 
thick scapes that either fail to reach the occipital margin, or else 
surpass it just barely, When held straight back. Funiculus of 11 
