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Carpenter — Carboniferous Insects 
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Eubleptus into a distinct order or even into a distinct suborder. It 
is, in fact, difficult to find significant differences in the venational 
patterns of the Spilapteridae and the Eubleptidae; ultimately these 
two families may turn out to be synonomous. However, I have not 
indicated such synonomy at this time since the name Eubleptidae 
would have priority, and to synonomize Spilapteridae with Eubleptidae 
seems inadvisable until the evidence for this is conclusive. 
Order Protorthoptera handlirsch 
Family Hapalopteridae Handlirsch 
Handlirsch, 1906, Die fossilen Insekten: 304 (Order Hapalopteroidea ) . 
Fore wing: similar to that of the Cacurgidae but having fewer 
branches on the main veins and having CuP forking much further 
from the wing base; CuPi not branched except for forking at wing 
margin ; cuticular swellings apparently absent. Hind wing unknown. 
Genus Hapaloptera Handlirsch 
Handlirsch, 1906, Proc. U.S.N.M., 29: 694 
Fore wing: Sc extending nearly to wing apex; costal veinlets un- 
branched; Rs with four branches, MP forked to about mid-wing; 
CuA with a terminal fork only; cross veins numerous, weakly formed. 
Type-species: Hapaloptera gracilis Handlirsch. 
Hapaloptera gracilis Handlirsch 
Figure 4 
Handlirsch, 1906, Proc. U.S.N.M., 29: 694 
Fore wing: length 14 mm., width 4.5 mm.; membranous and 
delicate; costal margin slightly concave, apex broadly rounded; R2 
forked, R3, R4+5, MPi and MP2 unbranched; cross veins tending 
to be irregular, but not branched or forming a network. The holo- 
type specimen, no. 38731, U.S.N.M., was collected at Sharp Moun- 
tain Gap, near Tremont, Pennsylvania (Stephanian age). The details 
of the venation are shown in figure 4. 
This fossil consists of a fore wing, very nearly complete, with 
portions of a second wing. The venation is not distinct but use of 
ammonium chloride brings out most details clearly. Handlirsch had 
difficulty interpreting the venation, mainly because he failed to note 
that actually two wings are superimposed ; his figure shows some 
veins which are in reality on the second wing. The distal part of 
the costal margin of the second wing can be clearly seen near the end 
of Sc of the complete wing, and part of its hind margin appears in 
the region of the end of MP. Handlirsch correctly recognized that 
