THE PROBLEM OF COMPULSORY LABOUR 117 
The negro is worth something only so long as he is 
in his village and under the moral control of intercourse 
with his family and other relatives ; away from these 
surroundings he easily goes to the bad, both morally 
and physically. Colonies of negro labourers away from 
their famihes are, in fact, centres of demoralisation, and 
yet such colonies are required for trade and for the 
cultivation of the soil, both of which would be impossible 
without them. 
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The tragic element in this question is that the 
interests of civilisation and of colonisation do not 
coincide, but are largely antagonistic to each other. 
The former would be promoted best by the natives 
being left in their villages and there trained to various 
industries, to lay out plantations, to grow a httle coffee 
or cocoa for themselves or even for sale, to build them- 
selves houses of timber or brick instead of huts of 
bamboo, and so to live a steady and worthy life. 
Colonisation, however, demands that as much of the 
population as possible shall be made available in every 
possible way for utilising to the utmost the natural 
wealth of the country. Its watchword is " Production,” 
so that the capital invested in the colonies may 
pay its interest, and that the motherland may get 
her needs supphed through her connection with them. 
For the unsuspected incompatibilities which show 
themselves here, no individual is responsible ; they arise 
out of the circumstances themselves, and the lower the 
level of the natives and the thinner the population, the 
harder is the problem. In Zululand, for example, 
agriculture and cattle raising are possible, and the 
