Chapter 2 
Introduction 
Donahue: What doesn’t feel pain? When do you stop feeling pain? Does a frog feel pain? 
McArdle: Yes. 
Donahue: Frogs feel pain? . . . now what about laboratory high school? You remember, you 
had to dissect the frog? . . . Should we eliminate that? How about fishing? . . . 
how about baiting a hook with a worm? Is that fair? In other words, where do 
we stop? 
McArdle: You bring up fishing and I think that's a good point. I used to wonder whether or 
not the nonvertebrate animals would feel pain. A few years ago they found en- 
dorphins, which are substances that handle chronic pain , in earth worms. So, 
earth worms may in fact be subject to chronic pain when you’re putting them on 
that hook. 
Phil Donahue with John E. McArdle, Humane Society of the United States 
Donahue (transcript #02065) 
February 1985 
Although the highest standard of protection must be applied to all animals, we acknowl- 
edge that it is right to pay special attention to the companions of man [non-human primates, 
cats, dogs, and equidae] for whom there is the greatest public concern. 
Scientific Procedures on Living Animals, Command 9521 
British Home Office 
May 1985 
