CONTENTS 
Chapter Page 
1. Summary, Policy Issues, and Options for Congressional Action 3 
2. Introduction ' 37 
3. Patterns of Animal Use 43 
4. Ethical Considerations 71 
5. The Use of Animals in Research 89 
6. Alternatives to Animal Use in Research 113 
7. The Use of Animals in Testing 149 
8. Alternatives to Animal Use in Testing 175 
9. Animal Use in Education and the Alternatives 199 
10. Information Resources and Computer Systems 219 
11. Economic Considerations 243 
12. Public and Private Funding Toward the Development of Alternatives 259 
13. Federal Regulation of Animal Use 275 
14. State Regulation of Animal Use 305 
15. Institutional and Self -Regulation of Animal Use 335 
16. Regulation of Animal Use in Selected Foreign Countries 359 
Appendix Page 
A. Testing Guidelines 383 
B. Regulation of Animal Use Within Federal Departments and Agencies 386 
C. Public Health Service Policy 395 
D. Laboratory -Animal Facilities Fully Accredited by the American Association 
for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care 401 
E. International Agreements Governing Animal Use 412 
F. List of Working Papers 418 
G. Acknowledgments 419 
H. Glossary of Acronyms and Terms 423 
Index 433 
