Ch. 5— The Use of Animals in Research • 95 
Figure 5-1.— Steps in Biomedical Research That Preceded Successful Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery 
Multiple aortocoronary bypass 
Cardiac 
surgeon 
Aortocoronary autograft 
human 
Balloon catheter 
dog, human 
1970 
Saphenous vein graft 
dog, human 
Direct autograft - dog, human 
1968 
Indirect revascularization 
dog, human 
Angiography - dog, human 
Heart-lung pump - cat, dog 
1931-1953 
Flotation catheter - dog 
1953 
Pulmonary capillary pressure 
dog 
Cardiopulmonary function 
dog, chimp 
Heparin - dog 
Right heart catheterization 
dog - human 
Right ventricular pressure 
probe - dog 
First arterial puncture 
in human 
1929 
Cardiac output-work 
dog 
Differential pressure in heart 
horse, dog 
1861 
Double-lumen catheter 
horse, dog 
Temperature & pressure in 
heart - horse, dog, sheep 
1844 
First blood pressure 
horse, dog, cat, deer 
1733 
Description of circulation 
frog, reptile 
1628 
SOURCE: Redrawn from W. C. Randall, "Crises in Physiological Research,” Physiologist 26:351-356, 1983, after J. H. Comroe, Jr., and R. D Dripps. Ben Franklin and 
Open Heart Surgery,” Circ. Res. 35:661-669, 1974. 
