Ch. 5— The Use of Animals in Research • 97 
Table 5-2.— Some Anatomical, Physiological, and Metabolic Similarities and 
Differences Between Humans and Various Laboratory Animals 
Conditions, systems, or structures 
Animal Similarities to humans Differences from humans 
Cat Splenic vasculature 
Sphenoid sinus in skull 
Liver 
Middle ear and ear drum 
Epidermis 
Cattle Ascending colon 
Electrolyte excretion 
Chicken Palate 
Chinchilla Inner ear structures 
Dog Pituitary gland vasculature 
Renal arteries 
Splenic vasculature 
Sphenoid sinus in skull 
Superficial kidney vasculature 
Liver 
Epidermis 
Adrenal gland innervation 
Goat Embryonic blood circulation 
Guinea pig Spleen 
Immune system 
Horse Pulmonary vasculature 
Bile duct 
Pancreatic duct 
Lung 
Mouse Senile hepatic changes 
Pig Maturation of red blood cells 
Cardiovascular tree 
Teeth 
Adrenal gland 
Skin 
Penile urethra 
Retinal vessels 
Spleen 
Reaction to foreign protein 
Laryngeal structures 
Sweat glands 
Mediastinum (interior chest tissue) 
Development of embryonic gonads 
Sleep 
Heat regulation 
Digestion 
Plasma gamma globulins in 
newborn 
Sleep 
Heat regulation 
Vomiting 
Sweat glands 
Retinal vessels 
Lymphoid tissue in liver 
Pituitary gland 
Respiratory system 
Oviduct 
Reproductive system 
Acetate metabolism 
Intestinal circulation 
Anal sacs 
Sweat glands 
Pancreatic ducts 
Heat regulation 
Sleep 
Laryngeal nerves 
Mediastinum 
Stomach and digestion 
Heat regulation 
Sweat glands 
Vomiting 
Sleep 
Plasma gamma globulins in 
newborn 
Sweat glands 
Carotid body 
Spleen 
Cecum and colon 
Gall bladder 
Plasma gamma globulins in 
newborn 
Spleen 
Spleen 
Liver 
Plasma gamma globulins in 
newborn 
Sweat glands 
