170 • Alternatives to Animal Use in Research, Testing, and Education 
cous Membranes,” J. Pharm. Exper. 82:377-389, 
1944. 
10. Duke-Elder, S., Textbook of Ophthalmology Ther- 
apeutics (St. Louis, MO: C.V. Mosby, 1954). 
11. Edison Pharmaceutical v. FDA, 600 F.2d 831 (D.C. 
Cir. 1979). 
12. Eto, M., Organophosophorous Pesticides: Organic 
and Biological Chemistry (Cleveland, OH: Chemical 
Rubber Co., 1974). 
13. Ferebee v. Chevron Chemical Co., 736 F.2d 1529, 
1536 (D.C. Cir. 1984). 
14. Ferrigno v. Eli Lilly and Company, 175 N.J. Super 
420, 420 A. 2d 1305 (1980). 
15. Fortmeyer, H.P., “The Influence of Exogenous Fac- 
tors Such as Maintenance and Nutrition on the 
Course and Results of Animal Experiments,” Ani- 
mals in Toxicological Research, I. Bartosek, A. 
Guaitani, and R. Pacei (eds.) (New York: Raven Press, 
1982). 
16. Frankel v. Styer, 386 F.2d 151 (3rd Cir. 1967). 
17. Freidenwald, J.S., Hughes, W.F., and Hermann, H., 
“Acid Burns of the E ye," Arch. Ophthalmol. 35:98- 
108, 1946. 
18. Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical 
Experiments, "Report of the FRAME Toxicity Com- 
mittee,” Animals and Alternatives in Toxicity Test- 
ing, M. Balls, R.J. Riddell, and A.N. Worden (eds.) 
(New York: Academic Press, 1983). 
19. Goldberg, A.M., Director, The Johns Hopkins Cen- 
ter for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Baltimore, 
MD, personal communication, April 1985. 
20. Griffin v. U.S., 351 F.Supp. 10 (E.D.Pa. 1972). 
21. Grove, G.L., Duncan, S., and Kingman, A.M., "Ef- 
fect of Aging on the Blistering of Human Skin With 
Ammonium Hydroxide,” Br. J. Dermatol. 107:393- 
400, 1982. 
22. Hart, A., National Agricultural Chemicals Associa- 
tion, Washington, DC, personal communication, 
September 1984. 
23. Heine, W., "Importance of Quality Standard and 
Quality Control in Small Laboratory Animals for 
Toxicological Research,” Animals in Toxicological 
Research, I. Bartosek, A. Guaitani, and R. Pacei (eds.) 
(New York: Raven Press, 1982). 
24. Heywood, R., "Long-Term Toxicity,” Animals and 
Alternatives in Toxicity Testing, M. Balls, R.J. Rid- 
dell, and A.N. Worden (eds.) (New York: Academic 
Press, 1983). 
25. Hutt, P.B., and Hutt, P.B., II, “A History of Govern- 
ment Regulation of Adulteration and Misbranding 
of Food Food Drug Cosmetic Law J. 39:2-73, 1984. 
26. Kingston, T., and Marks, R., "Irritant Reactions to 
Dithranol in Normal Subjects and Psoriatic Patients," 
Br. J. Dermatol. 108:307-313, 1983. 
2 7 . Kligman, A .M . , “Assessment of Mild Irritants ,”Prin - 
ciples of Cosmetics for the Dermatologist, P. Frost 
and S.N. Horwitz (eds.) (St. Louis, MO: C.V. Mosby, 
1982). 
28. Lartique v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, 317 
F.2d 19 (1963). 
29. Leibowitz v. Ortho Pharmaceutical Co. , 224 Pa. Su- 
per. 418, 307 A. 2d 449 (1973). 
30. Livesley v. Continental Motors Corporation, 331 
Mich. 434, 49 N.W.2d 365 (1951). 
31. Lowrance, W.W., Of Acceptable Risk— Science and 
Determination of Safety (Los Altos, CA: William 
Kaufmann, Inc., 1976). 
32. Marks, R., "Testing fdr Cutaneous Toxicity,” Ani- 
mals and Alternatives in Toxicity Testing, M. Balls, 
R.J. Riddell, and A.N. Worden (eds.) (New York: Aca- 
demic Press, 1983). 
33. McComish v.DeSoi, 42 N.J. 274, 200 A.2d 116 (1964). 
34. McNamara, B.P., “Concepts in Health Evaluation of 
Commercial and Industrial Chemicals,” New Con- 
cepts in Safety Evaluation, M. A. Meh\man, R.E. Sha- 
piro, and H. Blumenthal (eds.) (New York: John 
Wiley & Sons, 1976). 
35. Morton-Grant, W., and Kern, H.L., “Cations and the 
Cornea,” Am. J. Ophthalmol. 42:167-181, 1956. 
36. National Academy of Sciences, Toxicity Testing 
Strategies to Determine Needs and Priorities (Wash- 
ington, DC: National Academy Press, 1984). 
37. Nicklaus v. Hughes Tool Company, 417F.2d 983 (8th 
Cir. 1969). 
38. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Devel- 
opment, Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals, and 
addenda (Paris: 1981). 
39. Orthopedic Equipment Company v. Eutsler, 276 
F.2d 455 (4th Cir. 1960). 
40. Pritchard v. Liggett and Meyers Tobacco Company, 
295 F.2d 292 (3rd Cir. 1961). 
41. Purchase, I.F.H., “Carcinogenicity,” Animals and 
Alternatives in Toxicity Testing, M. Balls, R.J. Rid- 
dell, and A.N. Worden (eds.) (New York: Academic 
Press, 1983). 
42 . Roe , F . J .C . , "Carcinogenicity Testing , ” Animals and 
Alternatives in Toxicity Testing, M. Balls, R.J. Rid- 
dell, and A.N. Worden (eds.) (New York: Academic 
Press, 1983). 
43. Ross v. Phillip Morris and Company, 328 F.2d 3 (8th 
Cir. 1964). 
44. Salsburg, D.S., "The Effects of Lifetime Feeding 
Studies on Patterns of Senile Lesions in Mice and 
Rats,” Drugs Chem. Tox. 3:1-33, 1980. 
45. Salsburg, D.S., “Statistics and Toxicology : An Over- 
view, "Scientific Considerations in Monitoring and 
Evaluating Toxicological Research , E.J. Gralla (ed.) 
(Washington, DC: Hemisphere, 1981). 
