CONTENTS 
Page 
Funding Toward Alternatives in Research 259 
Public Funding 259 
Private Funding 263 
Funding Toward Alternatives in Testing 264 
Public Funding 264 
Private Funding 265 
Funding Toward Alternatives in Education 268 
Related Types of Funding 269 
Animal-Facility Improvement Grants 269 
Research in Animal Health and Pain 270 
Summary and Conclusions 270 
Chapter 12 References 271 
List of Tables 
Table No. Page 
12-1. Approaches Used in National Science Foundation Research Grants, 
Fiscal Year 1983 262 
12-2. Alternative Tests Under Development at the Food and Drug 
Administration 266 
12-3. Alternative Tests in Use at the Food and Drug Administration 266 
12-4. Selected Research Projects Supported by The Johns Hopkins 
Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing 267 
List of Figures 
Figure No. Page 
12-1. Trends in NIH Research Subjects, 1977-82, as 
Percentage of Research Projects 261 
12-2. Trends in NIH Research Subjects, 1977-82, as 
Percentage of Research Dollars 261 
12-3. Funding Levels of National Toxicology Program Activities, 
Fiscal Year 1985 265 
