350 • Alternatives to Animal Use in Research, Testing, and Education 
Figure 15-2.— Declaration Required for the Presentation of Data at the 
Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction, July 1985 
Abstract for 
SOCIETY FOR THE 
STUDY OF 
REPRODUCTION 
I have read and understand the Society’s Guiding Principles for the Care and Humane 
Treatment of Research Animals and affirm that the research described in the above abstract 
is in strict accord with these principles. 
Presenter’s signature 
Telephone No. (Area Code) No. 
SOURCE: Society for the Study of Reproduction, Champaign, IL. 
American Pharmaceutical 
Association 
In 1981, the Policy Committee on Scientific Af- 
fairs of the American Pharmaceutical Association 
offered a number of recommendations on the use 
of animals in drug research (36). These included: 
• provision for adequate regulation, controls, 
and enforcement directed toward the pro- 
curement, transportation, housing, care, and 
treatment of animals; 
• encouragement of further development of 
alternative methods; and 
• opposition of legislation penalizing properly 
controlled and conducted animal research and 
testing. 
In what stands as one of the most strongly worded 
statements of support for the use of alternative 
methods from any scientific organization, the pol- 
icy committee also observed that: 
. . . the use of animals for research, testing, con- 
trol and production purposes is all inherently 
quite expensive when compared to other proce- 
dures, such as microbiological, chemical, in- 
strumentation and tissue culture. Moreover, both 
the speed and accuracy of analytical tests and the 
yields of biological production are much superior 
when these alternate methods can be employed 
in place of animal procedures. As a result, there 
has been a continuing shift away from the use 
of animals and in favor of alternate procedures 
as the latter have been developed and have been 
demonstrated to be acceptable substitutes. 
American Veterinary Medical 
Association 
In 1982, the American Veterinary Medical Asso- 
ciation (AVMA) approved the AVMA Animal Wel- 
fare Guiding Principles (7), which states that 
veterinarians must consider certain ethical, philo- 
sophical, and moral values relating to the welfare 
of animals. Among these considerations are the 
encouragement of humane care and proper stew- 
ardship, implementation of relevant laws and reg- 
ulations, support of research to illuminate animal 
welfare issues, and identification of individuals 
qualified to speak to these issues as a continuing 
education resource. In 1983, an AVMA Animal Wel- 
fare Positions report recommended the voluntary 
establishment of standards of excellence for ani- 
mal care and use (8). This report includes a num- 
ber of recommendations on animal welfare issues 
outside of research use, such as ownership of ex- 
otic animals, declawing of domestic cats, and ear- 
trimming and tail-docking of dogs. 
Association of American 
Veterinary Medical Colleges 
In A Policy on Standards and Procedures Related 
to the Use and Care of Animals in Veterinary Med- 
ical Education and Research , the Association of 
