Index 
AAALAC, 16, 49 
accreditation, process of, 344-345, 401-411 
animal use and, 335-337 
AAVMC and, 351 
Federal agencies and, 386, 387, 388, 389, 392, 
393 
GLPs and, 293 
AALAS, 208, 344, 345-346 
AAMC, 204-206 
AAVMC, 207, 350-351 
ACC, 361-362 
ACP, 349 
ACUC, 14, 15-16, 292, 386, 391-392 
ADAMHA, 45, 92, 295, 337 
AFAAR, 210, 268, 269 
Agriculture, Department of (U.S.). See USD A 
Alabama, 288, 307, 319 
Alaska, 288, 307, 308, 319 
Alberta, University of, 360 
Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Adminis- 
tration. See ADAMHA 
American Association for Accreditation of Labora- 
tory Animal Care. See AAALAC 
American Association for Laboratory Animal 
Science. See AALAS 
American College of Physicians. See ACP 
American Fund for Alternatives to Animal 
Research. See AFAAR 
American Physiological Society. See APS 
American Psychological Association. See APA 
American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to 
Animals. See ASPCA 
American Veterinary Medical Association. See 
AVMA 
Ames test, 186, 187-188, 250 
Animal Care Committee. See ACC 
Animal Care and Use Committee. See ACUC 
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. See 
APHIS 
Animal Research Committee. See ARC 
Animal rights 
“consistency argument” and, 77-78 
"interest theory” and, 76-77 
legal action and, 314-316 
"speciesism” and, 5, 79 
“will theory” and, 76 
Animal use 
and data accumulations, 5, 43-49, 58-65 
economics of, 12, 29, 99, 115, 116, 123, 128, 151, 
155, 206, 209-210, 213, 243-253 
in education, 3, 199-214, 321-322 
ethics of, 6, 71-82, 200, 202 
in Federal Government, 14-15, 43-49 
guidelines for, 13, 14, 15-16, 31, 33, 152, 
157-167, 176, 200-202, 291, 293-296, 335-352, 
361, 383-393, 395-400 
humane treatment and, 6, 78-79 
IACUCs and, 340-344 
international agreements governing, 412-417 
limitations of OTA study on, 50-52 
modified, 7-8, 113, 114-118, 126-132, 175-176, 
208-209 
and pain, 103-105 
patterns of, 43-66 
in pharmacokinetics, 153 
philosophical traditions of, 74-75 
as a policy issue, 26-29, 31-32 
product liability and, 157 
public concern about, 3, 149, 157, 175, 181, 266, 
293-294, 323-324, 339 
regulation of, 13-18, 46, 157-167, 201-202, 203, 
275-298, 305-322, 335-352, 359-375, 386-393 
regulatory practices and, 12, 157-167, 175, 
181-182, 188-189, 248, 278, 280, 283-289, 
291-292, 297-298 
religious traditions of, 71-74 
in research, 3, 89-108 
restricted necessity and, 80-81 
in science fairs, 200-202 
in testing, 3, 149-168 
trends in, 5, 16-17, 57-65, 157 
in the United Kingdom, 203-204 
utilitarian principle of, 6, 79-81, 82 
Animal use, alternatives to 
computer systems as, 7-8, 11-12, 124-126, 
136-138, 228-238 
economics of, 12, 189, 249-250, 265-266 
in education, 10-11, 208-214 
funding for, 13, 213-214, 259-270 
Health Research Extension Act of 1985 and, 
291-292 
IACUCs and, 341 
living systems as, 4, 7-8, 118-123, 133-136, 175, 
177-179, 183, 184-186, 189-190, 209-210 
nonliving systems as, 7-8, 124, 136, 180-181, 
210-214 
organ culture as, 119-120 
OTA's definition of, 39 
as a policy issue, 18-23 
reduction as, 4, 10-11, 39, 114-116, 126-128 
refinement or replacement as, 4, 10-11, 39 
in research, 6-8, 113-138 
trends in, 188-190 
See also Reduction; Refinement; Replacement 
Animal Welfare Act of 1966. See Laboratory 
Animal Welfare Act 
433 
