GUATEMALA EXPERIMENTS 1946-1948 
II 
Explaining his choice to begin artificial inoculation methods later in 1952, 
Dr. Cutler noted, “[a]s a result of the experience of several authors, it was 
decided to carry out an evaluation of prophylactic methods using artificial 
means of inoculation.” 403 Dr. Cutler pointed out that Dr. Tejeda had many 
patients in the Guatemalan Army who had artificially inoculated themselves 
in order to get out of official duties: “[t]he technique commonly used was to 
take by the end of a match from an acute case and to insert the contaminated 
end of the match into the urethra of the solider desiring to infect himself.” 404 
Dr. Cutler also cited the Terre Haute experiments in his 1952 report as 
evidence that the method “could cause infection,” 405 despite concerns about 
the effectiveness of this form of inoculation research raised in 19 44. 406 
In the control groups, Dr. Cutler reported rates of approximately 50 percent 
infection with the superficial inoculation method, and 97.8 percent with 
the deep inoculation method. 407 He concluded that these numbers showed 
that a prophylactic agent tested against a superficially inoculated subject 
was “subjected to a very severe test indeed.” 408 If a prophylactic agent could 
withstand an otherwise 54-percent rate of infection, he argued, it “should be 
expected to show up well” when subjected to the “less-severe test of routine 
risk of infection.” 409 
By September 1947, Dr. Cutler also decided to conduct several experiments 
using artificial inoculation after sexual intercourse. With this method, the 
men had sexual intercourse with a commercial sex worker, and immediately 
following intercourse, “while the penis was still partially engorged and while 
the fluid of the ejaculate was at the meatus,” the inoculation was performed 
to “simulate more nearly the natural conditions.” 410 This type of experiment 
occurred on 13 different days, but the results did not differ significantly to arti- 
ficial inoculation without sexual intercourse. 411 The researchers completed their 
gonorrhea experiments with subjects in the Guatemalan Army in July 1948. 412 
Psychiatric Hospital 
The researchers conducted gonorrhea intentional exposure experiments in 
the Psychiatric Hospital from June to September 1948. 413 These experiments 
involved a total of approximately 50 subjects, 32 of whom received some form 
of treatment. 414 They included inoculation in the subjects’ rectum, urethra, 
and/or eyes. 415 One female subject who was identified as having a terminal 
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