POST-CUTLER CONTINUATION OF THE GUATEMALA STUDIES: 1948-1953 III 
Continuing Observations 
PHS hired two Guatemalan physicians, Drs. Funes and Salvado, to continue 
“the observation of certain of the patient groups” after Dr. Cutler left Guate- 
mala in 1948. 622 These appointments offered the opportunity to advance the 
scientists’ careers. As Dr. Mahoney observed, “[w]e have always felt that it 
would be expedient to do everything possible to push Funes to the fore as the 
leading Central American syphilologist. I am sure that this will be worth- 
while in the event of the broad program of venereal disease control work being 
developed in Central America.” 623 Dr. Salvado also received a fellowship in 
the United States at that time. 624 
Dr. Funes’s staff continued to collect data on residents of the Orphanage, 
inmates of the Penitentiary, individuals from the Psychiatric Hospital, 
schoolchildren, and the members of “various Indian tribes in the vicinity of 
Guatemala” who had participated in the experiments. 625 Dr. Funes’s U.S. 
government personnel files indicate that he was hired to “advise concerning the 
clinical examinations of treated patients, their re-treatment as may be required, 
the collection of blood specimens for serologic examinations at periodic inter- 
vals, the preparation and shipment of all blood specimens collected for serologic 
examination” to the United States, and “the submission of such reports as may 
be necessary for the completion of the study of this patient group.” 626 
Dr. Funes’s staff collected samples from subjects and, as agreed, shipped them 
to the United States for analysis. 627 Based on the one report available in the 
Cutler Documents, they followed approximately 248 people from the mental 
institution, completing 243 blood draws and 170 lumbar punctures. 628 Several 
of those subjects tested positive for syphilis during the follow-up experi- 
ments. 629 The subjects from the Psychiatric Hospital were followed until at 
least 1953. 630 The published work resulting from the Guatemala experiments 
also indicates that Dr. Funes continued to do serological testing on the chil- 
dren at the Orphanage until at least 1949. 631 
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