ETHICALLY IMPOSSIBLE” STD Research in Guatemala from 1946-1948 
Table 4: Subject and Population Specific Data 1 
SOLDIERS PRISONERS 2 ORPHANS, LEPRO- PSYCHI- U.S. NOT 
SCHOOL- SARIUM ATRIC SERVICE- SPECIFIED 3 
CHILDREN, PATIENTS PATIENTS MEN IN 
“INDIAN,” GUATEMALA 
AND 
“LADINO” 
CHILDREN 
Subjects Identified Either by Aggregate or by Name in the Cutler Documents and Corresponding Articles 4 
Number of 
Subjects 
14 
1017 976 
1384 
51 
716 
23 
1359 
5540 
Age 
Range, 
Mean 
(Mode) 5 
16-18 
17(16,18) 
10-72 15-62 
22 (20) 29 (22) 
1-18 
Not 
available 
Not 
available 
14-58 
29 (17) 
Not 
available 
19-45 
27 (19) 
Range: 
1-72 
Not 
available 
Subjects Involved in Diagnostic Testing 
Number of 
Subjects 
14 
897 842 
1384 
51 
642 
23 
1275 
5128 
Subjects Receiving Some Form of Treatment for an STD 
Number of 
Subjects 
0 6 7 
309 139 
3 
Not 
available 
334 
Not 
available 
35 
820 
Subjects Exposed to Any STDsVNumber of Subjects Exposed Who Received Some Form of Treatment for an STD 8 
Gonorrhea 
4/0 
518/202 0 
N/A 
N/A 
50/32 
N/A 
10/3 
582/237 
Syphilis 
5/0 
0 219/92 
N/A 
N/A 
446/294 
N/A 
18/2 
688/388 
Chancroid 
0 
81/81 0 
N/A 
N/A 
41/39 
N/A 
11/11 
133/131 
Total 
Subjects 
6/0 
558/242 219/92 
N/A 
N/A 
486/328 
N/A 
39/16 
1308/678 
COMMER- 
CIAL SEX 
WORKERS 
TOTAL 
1 For methods and limitations, please see “Appendix IV: Subject Database Methods.” 
2 These numbers include several prison guards. 
3 Includes women referred by Dr. Funes, Dr. Galich, or the Venereal Disease and Sexual Prophylaxis Hospital, 
where commercial sex workers were required to report twice a week for STD testing and treatment. 
4 Including persons who may have been listed in the Cutler Documents for non-research purposes (e.g., general 
medical care, referred for enrollment, etc.). 
5 Age range, mean, and mode based on age numbers that were available. Not all ages of subjects were recorded and 
available in the Cutler Documents. 
6 There were no clear treatment data available for any of the commercial sex workers. 
7 Includes all subjects exposed to an STD, whether or not additional data indicate the subject was in fact infected 
with the STD. 
8 Includes all subjects who were exposed to an STD and received some form of treatment, whether or not 
additional data indicate the subject was in fact infected with the STD. While some subjects were exposed to an 
STD multiple times, they were included in the “treatment” column if they received treatment for any exposure 
even once. In the case of syphilis, the Commission considered penicillin given within 21 days of exposure to be 
a prophylaxis, and penicillin given 21 days after exposure to be a treatment. For more information please see 
“Appendix IX: Subject Database Methods.” 
