ETHICALLY IMPOSSIBLE” STD Research in Guatemala from 1946-1948 
56 Fox, D.M. (1987). The politics of the NIH Extramural Program, 1937-1950. Journal of the History of 
Medicine and Allied Sciences 42(4):452. 
57 Joseph Moore to A.N. Richards (1942, October 6). Correspondence. PCSBI HSPI Archives, 
NARA-II 0000346. 
58 Ibid. 
59 A.N. Richards to Joseph Moore. (1942, October 9). Correspondence. PCSBI HSPI Archives, 
NARA-II 0000346. 
60 Ibid. 
61 Minutes of a Conference on Chemical Prophylaxis. (1942, November 18). PCSBI HSPI Archives, NARA- 
II 0000332. The Subcommittee on Venereal Diseases was formed within NRC on June 7, 1940, to make 
“general recommendations to The Surgeons General of the Army and the Navy concerning the prevention 
and treatment of the venereal diseases.” See Padget, P. Diagnosis and treatment of the venereal diseases. 
In Coates, J.B. (Ed.). (1963). Internal Medicine in World War II, Volume II: Infectious Diseases. Washing- 
ton, D.C.: Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, p. 410. 
62 The Subcommittee consisted of Drs. Joseph E. Moore, Charles W. Clarke, Oscar F. Cox, Russell Herrold, 
John F. Mahoney, Nels Nelson, and John H. Stokes; E.H. Cushing to Robert L. Dickinson. (1942, 
December 9). Correspondence. PCSBI HSPI Archives, NAS 0000446. 
63 Minutes of a Conference on Chemical Prophylaxis (1942, November 18). PCSBI HSPI Archives, 
NARA-II_0000334. 
64 Thomas Parran to Lewis H. Weed. (1942, November 19). Correspondence. PCSBI HSPI Archives, NARA- 
II 0000284. Of note, Dr. Parran, former President of the American Neisserian Medical Society, may well 
have been familiar with the case of Albert Neisser, famous for his discovery of the bacterium that causes 
gonorrhea, who was fined by the government of Prussia for infecting prostitutes with syphilis without 
their knowledge or consent in 1898. Vollman, J., Winau, R. (1996). The Prussian regulation of 1900: Early 
ethical standards for human experimentation in Germany. IRB: Ethics and Human Research 18: 9-10. 
Kampmeier, R.H. (1984). Section I: The years of the American Neisserian Medical Society, 1934-1942. 
Sexually Transmitted Diseases 11(3):193. 
65 John A. Rogers to Lewis H. Weed. (1942, December 4). Correspondence. PCSBI HSPI Archives, 
NARA-II 0000283. 
66 Ross T. Mclntire to Lewis H. Weed. (1942, December 5). Correspondence. PCSBI HSPI Archives, 
NARA-II_0000282. 
67 Ibid. 
68 The CMR consisted of, aside from Dr. Richards, Dr. Lewis H. Weed (Vice-Chairman), Rear Admiral Harold 
W. Smith (Navy), Brig. Gen. James S. Simmons (Army), Dr. R.E. Dyer (PHS), Dr. A.B. Hastings (Harvard 
University), and Dr. A.R. Dochez (Columbia University). First Draft of Proposed C.M.R. Chapter for Irvin 
Stewart’s Administrative History of OSRD. (1945, January 12). PCSBI HSPI Archives, NARA-II 0000354. 
69 Minutes of the Seventeenth Meeting of the Subcommittee on Venereal Diseases - National Research 
Council. (1942, December 1). PCSBI HSPI Archives, NARA-II_0000342. 
70 Ibid; O.H. Perry Pepper to Lewis H. Weed. (1942, December 14). Correspondence. PCSBI HSPI Archives 
NAS 0000707. 
71 A.N. Richards to Joseph E. Moore. (1942, December 12). Correspondence. PCSBI HSPI Archives, 
NARA-II 00001 36. 
72 The conference group consisted of: 1) Drs. Joseph Earle Moore, Oscar Cox, and Russell Herrold (from 
the Subcommittee on Venereal Diseases), 2) Drs. Alfred Cohn and Theodore Rosenthal (from the New 
York City Health Department), 3) Drs. James H. Lade and M. deMello (from the New York State Health 
Department), 4) Dr. Charles M. Carpenter (University of Rochester), 5) Dr. C. Phillip Miller (University 
of Chicago), 6) Drs. O.H. Perry Pepper, T.R. Forbes, G.A. Carden, and Wilbur Davison (NRC), 7) 
Dr. Lowell J. Reed (Johns Hopkins University), 8) Dr. Hugo Muench (International Health Division, 
Rockefeller Foundation), 9) Lt. Col. T.B. Turner, Maj. Gaylord W. Anderson, Maj. Thomas H. Sternberg, 
Maj. Robert Dyar, and Capt. Robert H. Reidel (U.S. Army), 10) Lt. J.F. Shronts and Cmdr. R.W. Mussen, 
R.N., British Liaison Officer (U.S. Navy), and 11) Dr. R.A. Vonderlehr (U.S. PHS). 
164 
