ENDNOTES 
X 
73 Minutes of a Conference on Human Experimentation in Gonorrhea Held Under the Auspices of the 
Subcommittee on Venereal Diseases and Exhibit B to Same. (1942, December 29). PCSBI HSPI Archives, 
NARA-II_00001 57-175. 
74 Dr. Carpenter’s statement on The Evaluation of Prophylactic Agents and Procedures in the Prevention of 
Gonorrhea, (n.d.). PCSBI HSPI Archives, NARA-II_0000162. 
75 Proposed Plan of Procedure in the Study of Chemical Prophylaxis in Human Volunteers among Prison 
Inmates, reproduced in Minutes of a Conference on Human Experimentation in Gonorrhea Held Under 
the Auspices of the Subcommittee on Venereal Diseases. (1942, December 29). PCSBI HSPI Archives, 
NARA-II_0000168. The extensive consent form (called a “waiver”) described the procedures and risks 
of the study in considerable detail, which suggests that the Subcommittee did want the “volunteers” to 
understand the study in which they were participating. 
76 Statement of Explanation of the Experiment and Its Risks to Tentative Volunteers, (n.d.), reproduced 
in Minutes of a Conference on Human Experimentation in Gonorrhea Held Under the Auspices of the 
Subcommittee on Venereal Diseases. (1942, December 29). PCSBI HSPI Archives, NARA-II 0000173. 
More specific evidence that this or a similar form was used in Terre Haute has not been located, but an oral 
history of the career of Dr. Henrik Blum, one of the PHS medical officers who ran the experiments, affirms 
that the prisoners were informed about the nature of the study. Dr. Blum had other criticisms of the Terre 
Haute experiments, but he stated that there was “[n]o question about” whether the prisoners were “aware of 
what was being done.” Crawford, C. (1999). Henrik Blum, M.D., M.P.H., “Equity for the Public’s Health: 
Contra Costa Health Officer; Professor, UC School of Public Health; WHO Fieldworker.” An oral history 
conducted in 1997 by Caroline Crawford, Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University 
of California, Berkeley. Available at http://www.archive.org/stream/equity pubhealthOOblumrich/ 
equitypubhealthOOblumrich_djvu.txt (accessed May 16, 2011). 
77 Statement of Explanation of the Experiment and Its Risks to Tentative Volunteers, (n.d.), reproduced 
in Minutes of a Conference on Human Experimentation in Gonorrhea Held Under the Auspices of the 
Subcommittee on Venereal Diseases. (1942, December 29). PCSBI HSPI Archives, NARA-II 0000173. 
78 Ibid, PC SBI HSPI Archives, NARA-II_0000174. 
79 Ibid. 
80 The Committee on Medicine was one of eight major committees that made up the NRC’s Division of 
Medical Sciences in 1941. First Draft of Proposed C.M.R. Chapter for Irvin Stewart’s Administrative 
History of OSRD. (1945, January 12). PCSBI HSPI Archives, NARA-II_0000354-56. 
81 American Medical Association. Our History: Full List of Annual Meetings and Presidents. Available 
at http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/about-ama/our-history/full-list-annual-meetings-presidents.page 
(accessed August 26, 2011). 
82 James E. Paullin to O.H. Perry Pepper. (1942, January 13). Correspondence. PCSBI HSPI Archives, 
NARA-II 0000264. 
83 Arthur L. Bloomfield to O.H. Perry Pepper. (1943, January 1 1). Correspondence. PCSBI HSPI Archives, 
NARA-II 0000266. Arthur L. Bloomfield was Professor of Medicine and Executive of the Department 
of Medicine at Stanford University. Cox, A.J., Hilgard, E.R., Rytand, D.A. (1962, September). Arthur L. 
Bloomfield 1888-1962. California Medicine 97(3): 91-192. 
84 Inter-Office Memorandum by J. B. Donovan regarding January 22, 1943 Conference, (n.d.). PCSBI HSPI 
Archives, NARA-IIOOOOl 50. 
85 Memorandum of a Conference of the Prophylaxis of Gonorrhea in Human Volunteers. (1943, January 23). 
PCSBI HSPI Archives, NARA-II_0000227-228. 
86 New York State law read: “no person shall do ‘any act detrimental to the health of any human being.’” See 
Inter-Office Memorandum by J. B. Donovan regarding January 22, 1943 Conference, (n.d.) PCSBI HSPI 
Archives, NARA-n_0000151. 
87 Moreno, J.D., op cit., p. 26, describing the widespread use of conscientious objectors in human subject 
experiments. 
88 Memorandum of a Conference of the Prophylaxis of Gonorrhea in Human Volunteers. (1943, January 23). 
PCSBI HSPI Archives, NARA-II_0000227-228. 
165 
