ENDNOTES 
X 
152 Minutes of a Conference on Chemical Prophylaxis of Venereal Diseases. (1944, February 9). PCSBI HSPI 
Archives, NAS 0002070. 
153 Reports to a Conference Held Under the Auspices of the Subcommittee on Venereal Diseases 9 February 
1944, on the Chemical Prophylaxis of Venereal Disease. (1944, February 9). PCSBI HSPI Archives, 
NAS 0003113. 
154 Ibid. 
153 Minutes of a Conference on Chemical Prophylaxis of Venereal Diseases. (1944, February 9). PCSBI HSPI 
Archives, NAS 0002072. 
156 Minutes of a Conference on the Prevention of Gonococcal Infection in Experimentally Infected Human 
Male Volunteers. (1944, April 4). PCSBI HSPI Archives, NAS_0002089. 
157 The conference was attended by: 1) Dr. Oscar F. Cox, Dr. Phillip Miller, and Dr. Russell Herrold (from the 
NRC), 2) Dr. Marion R. King, Dr. R.O. Settle, and Warden E.B. Swope (from the Bureau of Prisons), and 3) 
Drs. Mahoney, Van Slyke, Cutler, and Blum, and Mr. Harold Hirschhom and Miss Millicent R. Chapman 
(from the PHS). Minutes of a Conference on the Prevention of Gonococcal Infection in Experimentally 
Infected Human Male Volunteers, (1944, April 4). PCSBI HSPI Archives, NAS 0002089. 
158 Ibid, PCSBI HSPI Archives, NAS_0002090. 
159 Minutes of the Twenty Third Meeting, Subcommittee on Venereal Diseases of the Committee on 
Medicine. (1944, June 29). PCSBI HSPI Archives, NAS_0002108. 
160 John Cutler to John F. Mahoney. (1947, September 20). Correspondence. PCSBI HSPI Archives, 
CTLR 0001225. 
161 Final Report, Prevention of Gonococcal Infection in Experimentally Infected Human Volunteers. (1944, 
July 1). PCSBI HSPI Archives, NAS 0003656. 
162 Draft of CMR History, Section on Venereal Disease attached to Feb. 25, 1946 Memorandum from E. 
Cowles Andrus to Chester S. Keefer, (n.d.). PCSBI HSPI Archives, NARA-II 0000419. The Venereal 
Disease section of the draft was written by a team directed by Dr. Joseph E. Moore. 
163 Ibid, PCSBI HSPI Archives, NARA-II 0000420. 
164 Mahoney, J.F., Van Slyke, C.J., Cutler, J.C., Blum, H.L. (1946). Op cit. The journal was the official 
publication of the American Neisserian Medical Society and later the American Venereal Disease 
Association. Kampmeier, R.H. (1974, September). Historical note. Journal of the American Venereal 
Disease Association 1(1): 8-9. 
165 Mahoney, J.F., Van Slyke, C.J., Cutler, J.C., Blum, H.L. (1946). Op cit., p. 32. 
166 Ibid. 
167 Ibid, p. 33. 
168 Since the 18th century, researchers have reported inoculating human subjects, often including themselves, 
with syphilis, gonorrhea, and chancroid to evaluate questions regarding the nature of these diseases, 
contagion, immunity, and the like. Weyers, W. (2003). The Abuse of Man: An Illustrated History of 
Dubious Medical Experimentation. New York: Ardor Scribendi, pp. 19-40; Magnuson, H.J., et al. (1956). 
Inoculation syphilis in human volunteers. Medicine 35(1):35-41; Hill, J. (1943). Experimental infection 
with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. American Journal of Syphilis, Gonorrhea, and Venereal Diseases 27:733- 
762. The first reported STD inoculation study supported by the U.S. government identified in the course of 
the Commission’s review was published in 1943, “done under a contract, recommended by the Committee 
on Medical Research, betw een the Office of Scientific Research and Development and the University of 
Georgia School of Medicine.” Human subjects were inoculated in the thigh with chancroid bacterium 
in order to evaluate the efficacy of various prophylactics. Greenblatt, R.B., et al. (1943). Experimental 
prophylaxis of Chancroid Disease. American Journal of Syphilis, Gonorrhea, and Venereal Disease 27: 
30-43; Greenblatt, R.B., et al. (1944). The experimental prophylaxis of Chancroid Disease -II. American 
Journal of Syphilis, Gonorrhea, and Venereal Disease 28:165-178. 
169 These concerns followed the researchers to Guatemala, however, as evidenced by some of their efforts to 
limit and restrict access to information about the work. 
169 
