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John Mahoney to John Cutler. (1947, June 30). Correspondence. PCSBI HSPI Archives, CTLR 0001077. 
However, Mahoney’s opinion with regard to artificial inoculation reflects some uncertainly as well. Ma- 
honey, J.F., Van Slvke, C.J., Cutler, J.C., Blum, H.L. (1946). Op cit., 24. Dr. Mahoney’s stated preference 
for “contact” methods as a mode of inoculation apparently applied to both the gonorrhea and syphilis 
studies, as described in “Syphilis Experiments: Psychiatric Hospital: Scarification and Abrasion” section 
regarding the contact method for syphilis transmissions, and in his syphilis research in rabbits. Mahoney, 
J. (1936). An experimental resurvey of the basic factors concerned in prophylaxis in syphilis. The Military 
Surgeon 352-353. 
John Mahoney to John Cutler. (1947, August 11). Correspondence. PCSBI HSPI Archives, CTLR 0001086. 
Dr. Mahoney sent this letter to Dr. Cutler through the Director of PASB, and forwarded to Assistant 
Director, John Murdock. 
John Cutler to John Mahoney. (1947, August 25). Correspondence. PCSBI HSPI Archives, 
CTLR 0001085. 
PCSBI. (2011). Subject Database. Separate experiments for this section are defined as a group of exposures 
done with the same population and the same STD on the same day. How Dr. Cutler defined his own use of 
numbering the experiments is unclear, and he does not account for all of his data. 
It is not clear to whom the term “authors” refers, as it appears that only Dr. Cutler wrote up the 
Experimental Studies in Gonorrhea report. In the report, after the word “authors,” a citation is added to 
the Terre Haute article, “Experimental Gonococci Urethritis in Human Volunteers” by Drs. Mahoney, Van 
Slyke, Cutler, and Blum. John Cutler. (1952, October 29). Experimental Studies in Gonorrhea. Report. 
PCSBI HSPI Archives, CTLR_0001286. 
John Cutler. (1952, October 29). Experimental Studies in Gonorrhea. Report. PCSBI HSPI Archives, 
CTLR 0001286. 
Ibid, PCSBI HSPI Archives, CTLR_0001288. 
Minutes of the Twenty-First Meeting of the Subcommittee on Venereal Diseases. (1943, November 
11). PCSBI HSPI Archives, NAS 0002782; Reports to a Conference Held Under the Auspices of the 
Subcommittee on Venereal Diseases 9 February 1944, on the Chemical Prophylaxis of Venereal Disease. 
(1944, February 9). PCSBI HSPI Archives, NAS 00031 14-18. 
John Cutler. (1952, October 29). Experimental Studies in Gonorrhea. Report. PCSBI HSPI Archives, 
CTLR 0001303-4. 
Ibid, PCSBI HSPI Archives, CTLR 0001290. 
Ibid. 
Ibid, PCSBI HSPI Archives, CTLR_0001286. 
PCSBI. (2011). Subject Database. 
John Cutler. (1952, October 29). Experimental Studies in Gonorrhea. Report. CTLR 0001302. In 1948, 
after Dr. Cutler concluded that sexual intercourse experiments with sex workers were ineffective for 
experimental transmission of disease. Dr. Funes and Casta Luz Aguilar (who succeeded Dr. Galich as 
the Chief of the Guatemalan Ministry for Public Health) decided to test the effectiveness of the orvus- 
mapharsen prophylaxis in sex workers. While Dr. Arnold and Dr. Mahoney concluded in their 1948 animal 
study of orvus-mapharsen that “the preparation should be suitable for use in a douche” for women. Dr. 
Funes and Aguilar decided to test its use as a post-coital prophylactic douche in female commercial sex 
workers “under legal supervision” in a Guatemalan brothel [translation]. In their published article, they 
argued that commercial sex-regulating bureaus and agencies in the Americas relied too heavily on the 
condom (which clients of sex workers often refused to use) to both protect sex workers and prevent the 
spread of the disease. Dr. Funes and Aguilar used six sex workers in the experiment that “had previously 
been followed for a long time by the first author [Dr. Funes]. . .” [translation]. These are possibly some 
of the same women used in the U.S. PHS normal exposure experiments, although it is unclear. After 
recording the women’s sexual activities for six months, Dr. Funes and Aguilar determined that use of 
the orvus-mapharsen douche produced a decrease in the incidence of gonorrhea. There is no record of 
them intentionally inoculating the sex workers for this experiment; however, if these women had been 
used in the U.S. PHS’s normal exposure experiments, they may have already been inoculated for those 
purposes. There is also no record of the researchers determining the rates of STD infection in the men with 
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