ENDNOTES 
X 
present problems of social, political, and ethical concern, which must be weighed against national 
attitudes and practices and the seriousness of the problem to be studied.” In addition. Cutler continues 
that Terre Haute and Sing Sing could be carried out with volunteer cooperation “because of the certainty 
of cure and consequent low risk to the patient, and because of the fact that the technique for infection 
was experimental inoculation,” presumably as opposed to sexual intercourse. Cutler, J.C., et al. (1972, 
February). Op cit., p. 90. 
641 See, e.g., Mahoney, J.F., Van Slyke, C.J., Cutler, J.C., Blum, H.L. (1946). Op cit. John Cutler. (1952, 
October 29). Experimental Studies in Gonorrhea. Report. PCSBI HSPI Archives, CTLR 0001286; 
Magnuson, H.J., et al. (1956). Inoculation syphilis in human volunteers. Medicine 35(l):33-82. In addition, 
the VDRL staff went back to publishing regarding syphilis prophylaxis in rabbits. See, e.g., Arnold, R.C., 
Cutler, J.C. (1956). Experimental studies to develop local prophylactic agents against syphilis. British 
Journal of Venereal Disease 32(l):34-35. 
642 Reverby, S. (2009). Op cit., p. 144; John Cutler, Curriculum Vitae. (1990 February). PCSBI HSPI Archives, 
UOFM 0000020. 
643 “Syphilis vaccine gains.” (1954). New York Times , December 9. 
644 John Cutler, Curriculum Vitae. (February 1990). PCSBI HSPI Archives, UOFM 0000020. 
645 Ibid. 
646 Project for the Development of a Combined Agent for Disease Prophylaxis and Contraception. PCSBI 
HSPI Archives, NLM 0001 832. 
647 Contract No. AID/csd-2822. (1971, December 8). Allegheny County Field Efficacy Trial of Prophylaxis- 
Contraceptive Compound, Experimental Design Document. PCSBI HSPI Archives, NLM_000240. In 
this study, female subjects were selected from local STD clinics, and were self-identified as high risk of 
contracting an STD by “repeated visits for treatment at this clinic.” In the experiment, a health educator 
interviewed patients, the purpose of the trial was explained, and if the patients agreed to participate, they 
were asked to sign a consent form. No intentional infection protocol was employed. Singh, B., Cutler, J. 
(1979). Vaginal contraceptives for prophylaxis against sexually transmissible diseases. Workshop on New 
Developments in Vaginal Contraception, Guatemala City, Guatemala, April 25-27, 1979. 
648 Ackerman, J. (2003). Obituary: John Charles Cutler / Pioneer in Preventing Sexual Diseases. Pittsburgh 
Post-Gazette. February 12. Available at http://www.post-gazette.com/obituaries/20030212cutler0212p3. 
asp (accessed Sept. 1, 2011). 
649 Richard Arnold personnel form. (n.d.). PCSBI HSPI Archives, NPRC_0000132. 
650 Ibid. 
651 Roster of Workshop Consultants (n.d.). PCSBI HSPI Archives, NLM_0001920. 
652 Richard C. Arnold Obituary, (n.d.). PCSBI HSPI Archives, MISC_000319. 
653 See Funes, J., et al. (1953). Serological and clinical studies of syphilis in guatemala, central america: 
Part 2, observations of a group of schoolchildren in Puerto San Jose. Pan-American Sanitation Bulletin 
34(1):14-18. 
654 Juan M. Funes Personnel Files, Notification of Personnel Action. (1956). PCSBI HSPI Archives, 
NPRC 0000799. 
655 Venereal Disease Control. (1950, Oct. 14). JAMA 7(144): 556. 
656 Wilcox, R.R. (1954). A WHO Study of Treatment Schedules of Treatment Schedule for Early Syphilis in 
use Throughout the World. World Health Organization Bulletin, 10: 579-617. 
657 John F. Mahoney Obituary. (1957). PCSBI HSPI Archives, MISC_0000071. 
658 T. Parran Personel File, PCSBI HSPI Archives, NPRC_0001601-662. 
659 Cassius J. Van Slyke Personnel Files. (Various dates). PCSBI HSPI Archives, NPRC_0002844-57. 
660 For other examples, see Beecher, H.K. (1966). Ethics and clinical research. New England Journal of 
Medicine 274(24):1354-1360. 
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