ETHICALLY IMPOSSIBLE” STD Research in Guatemala from 1946-1948 
699 
700 
701 
702 
703 
704 
705 
706 
707 
708 
Brandt, A.M. (1987). No Magic Bullet: A Social History of Venereal Disease in the United States Since 
1880. New York: Oxford University Press. 
See section “Background.” 
See, e.g., Jonas, H. (1969). Philosophical reflections on experimenting with human subjects. Daedalus 
98(2):219-247; Arras, J.D. (2005). Rationing vaccine during an avian influenza pandemic: Why it won’t be 
easy. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 78:287-300. 
Indeed, a high rate of infection within a local population would make a prophylaxis study ill-suited 
to that locality, since researchers primarily sought uninfected subjects in order to test methods to 
prevent infection. John Cutler. (1955, Lebruary 24). Pinal Syphilis Report. PCSBI HSPI Archives, 
CTLR 0000646. 
See Section “Guatemala Experiments 1946-1948: Initial Experiment Design.” 
The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. 
(1978). The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects 
of Research. Washington, D.C.: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, DHEW Publication OS 
78-0012. 
See Section “Guatemala Experiments 1946-1948: Syphilis Experiments: Psychiatric Hospital: 
Scarification and Abrasion.” 
For a complete list of documents, please see Table I: The Cutler Documents. 
See John Cutler. (1955, February 24). Final Syphilis Report. PCSBI HSPI Archives CTLR_0001299; but 
see PCSBI. (2011). Subject Database. 
Cutler Documents. (1947-1948). Guatemala Journal Studies with the Military (GC). Clinical notebook. 
PCSBI HSPI Archives CTLR 0000516. 
