ASIATIC-PACIFIC COLLECTIONS 
35 
The American representatives, totalling 30 leeuwenhoekiines, include no less than 14 
species of Hannemania from frogs, toads and salamanders. In spite of a bias in host selection 
by collectors, one may reasonably suspect that this may be a predominantly Old World genus. 
In the Oriental region (where batrachians have admittedly not been so extensively searched for 
chiggers) leeuwenhoekiines are uncommon : they appear to be represented chiefly by Whartonia 
on bats (several species unpublished) and by various species mostly on reptiles and arthropods. 
Table 3. 
Numbers of species of trombiculids in the Trombicula , Euschongastia , and 
Gahrliepia generic groups, and of Leeuwenhoekiines in the major 
REGIONS OF THE WORLD. 
Species and percentage of total species. 
INDIA 
Total 
number 
species. 
Trombicula 
group. 
Euschongastia 
group. 
Gahrliepia. 
Leeuwenhoe- 
kiines. 
— less USATC coll. 
... 63 
34 54 % 
14 22% 
14 22% 
1 1% 
— North Assam 
... 23 
5 22% 
8 35% 
9 39% 
1 1% 
BURMA, NORTH 
— Shingbwyiyang . . . 
... 39 
8 20% 
21 54% 
9 23% 
1 1% 
— Myitkyina 
... 64 
28 44% 
27 42% 
n 17% 
3 5 % 
MALAYSIA 
... 129 
49 38% 
44 34% 
29 22% 
7 5% 
NEW GUINEA 
... 51 
16 32% 
28 56% 
3 6% 
4 3% 
AUSTRALIA 
... 64 
17 27% 
35 54% 
0 0% 
12 19% 
JAPAN 
26 
21 21% 
3 3% 
2 2% 
0 0% 
EUROPE (inch RUSSIA) 
... 24 
18 75% 
417 % 
0 0% 
2 8% 
NORTH AMERICA 
CENTRAL AMERICA 
... 66 
& 
3 i 47% 
20 30% 
1 2% 
14 21% 
MEXICO 
••• 34 
20 59% 
7 20% 
0 0% 
7 20% 
SOUTH AMERICA 
... 44 
24 55% 
8 18% 
18 41% 
12 27% 
AFRICA 
... 92 
36 39% 
35 38% 
1 2% * 
20 22% 
— SOUTH only ... 
... 64 
19 30% 
26 41 % 
1 2%* 
18 28% 
* Since this paper was written, Vercammen-Grandjean has found more than 7 species of gahrliepiines in the Belgian 
Congo; 5 of these have been described; some of the species are intranasal (see this Study, p. 159). 
The Gahrliepiines are clearly best developed in the Oriental region. A few species extend 
to New Guinea and Japan but gahrliepiines are rare in Australia (no species) and the Americas 
(1 species). They are rare in Africa (i species) but the forests of Africa have hardly been 
explored yet and Vercammen (personal communication) has found distinctive gahrliepiines in 
a niche which has been universally neglected. All opinions on African gahrliepiines are 
therefore premature. 
In the case of the Trombiculines, which appear to be biologically very “successful” it 
appears possible that those of the Euschongastia group, with clubbed sensillae, are particularly 
well developed in the tropical forest belt, while species of Trombicula sensu lato appear to be 
ubiquitous but also to extend most successfully to higher altitudes and higher latitudes, exem- 
plified by Japan with the ratio Trombicula &c : Euschongastia &c. at 21 13, Russia 7 : o, Europe 
12 : 4, Canada, 5:1. The ratio for India 34 : 14 is similar because of the large number of 
species of Trombicula from the collections from the mountains of Kashmir and Kumaon but 
it is reversed {Euschongastia group dominant) in the collection (No. 9) from the forest of the 
Hukawng Valley in North Burma, and in New Guinea and Australia. 
MALAYA , No. 26, 1953 
