226 
A. A. SANDOSHAM 
the male worm with caustic soda as recommended by Clapham (1947) left no chitinized plates. 
Dr. H. A. Baylis, to whom the writer showed the camera lucida drawings included with this 
description, does not consider that this species could be referred to the genus Spinicauda. 
Family : Heterakidae Bailliet and Henry, 1914. 
Sub-family : Heterakinae Railliet and Henry, 1912. 
Genus : Africana Tracassos, 1920. 
Species : A. singaporensis n. sp. 
Host : Bufo melanoslictus (Toad). 
Location : Large intestine. 
Locality : Singapore. 
References 
Baylis, H. A. (1929a). Some new parasitic nematodes and cestodes from Java. Parasitology , 21, 256-265. 
Baylis, H. A. (1929 b). Two new parasitic nematodes from Ceylon. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 10,16, 
187-192. 
Baylis, H. A. (1936). The Fauna of British India. Nematoda. Vol. 1. London: Taylor and Francis. 
Chakravarty, G. K. (1944). On the Nematode worms in the collection of the Zoological Laboratory, 
University of Calcutta. Families Heterakidae and Kathlaniidae. J. Dup. Sci. Calcutta Univ., 
new ser., 1, 70-77. 
Clapham, P. A. (1947). On the identification of some species of Trichostrongylus. J. Helminth., 22, 
37-46. 
Li, H. C. (1933). Report on a collection of parasitic nematodes mainly from North China, Part III. 
Oxyuridae. Chin. med.J., 47, 1307-1325. 
Maplestone, P. A. (1931). Parasitic nematodes obtained from animals dying in the Calcutta Zoological 
Gardens. Parts IV to VIII. Rec. Indian Mus., 33, 71. 
Sandground, J. H. (1933). Descriptions of two new parasitic nematodes from a West African “ hairy 
frog ” (Ranidae). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, 12, 29-33. 
Taylor, E. L. (1924). Notes on some nematodes in the Museum of the Liverpool School of Tropical 
Medicine. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit., 18, 601-618. 
STUD. INST. MED. RES. 
