A GEOLOGICAL TlilE-SCALli, WITH EXAMPLES OF FOSSILIFEROUS ROCKS. 
Rkas. 
Epochs. 
AQKS. 
BiiiTmu. 
ErUOPBAS. 
Rasok in TniF. 
OF LlFK-QUO01*S. 
HOLOCENE . . 
PRESENT DAY . 
Blown sand, nlliivinm, iieacbes, 
1 
HISTORIC. 
tufa, peat, .sliell-beds, <.t;e., as 
NEOUTIIIC. 
now forming. 
PLEISTOCENE . 
PAI.-EDLITHTC . 
Alluvium. A-c., ns above : valley-gravels, 
- 
GLACIAL . . . 
lioulder-elays, Inick-enrtli. 
1 
Norfolk For 
st-bed, Wexfoitl Gravels. 
PLIOCENE . 
SICILIAN. 
Palermo Limestone. 
ASTIAN .... 
Novwii'li :ni' 
Retl Crags 
Poedevliaii Sands, Belgium. 
PLAISANCIAN 
Coialline Cr 
g ; Lenlinm-lieds ..... 
Diestiau ,, „ 
MIOCENE . . . 
TDRTONIAN. 
Leitlia Xalk. 
HELVETIAN . . 
Oeniiigen molasse. 
miRDIGALIAN 
Globigerina Lst., Malta. 
AtJUITANIAN . , 
Beance Limestoue. 
y. 
OLIGOCENE . . 
lU'PELIAN . . . 
Hanistciul. 
Fontainolileun Sandstone. 
< 
TONGRIAN . . . 
Bemlmduc 
Sables d'Etamnes. 
PRIABONIAN . . 
Osbunie and 
Headon 
Prlaboun Marls. 
EOCENE . . - 
BARTONIAN . . 
Bavt'>n and 
^agsbot 
Gypsum of Montmartre. 
LUTETIAN . . . 
BrackU'sbmi 

Ualeaire gi'ossier. 
YPRESIAN . . . 
Alum Bay Beds 
Sables de Cuise. 
LANDENIAN . . 
London Clay 
; Tlinnet Samis 
Sables de Brachenx. 
MONTIAN . . . 
]<st. of Mons and Meiidun. 
DANIAN .... 
u Norfolk? 
SBNONIAN . . . 
Upper Cliall 
Upper Gosau-beds. 
TI'RONIAN . . . 
.Middle Chalk 
Pliiner-SIeigel. 
CENOJIANIAN 
Lower (dnilk ; Chalk llarl . . . . . 
ALBIAN .... 
Upper Greeiisniiil ; Red Chalk : Gault . 
Flamnien-Mergel. 
AFITAN .... 
Lower Oreei 
land : Pimfleld Beds .... 
BARREMIAN . . 
AtherlleUI C 
ay XVealden 
a 
NEOCOMIAN . . 
Lower Speeton Clay ; Tealby Beds . and 
Xnlangian, Berriasiau. 
y. 
p 
JURASSIC , 
PORTLANDIAN . 
Portland Stone and Samis 
KIXniERIDGIAN . 
Khninci'idttelClav 
"1 
rORALLIAN. . . 
Coi'alliaii Limestone ; Aniptbill Clay 
OXFORDIAN . . 
Oxfom Clay 
CALLOVIAN. . . 
Kelluwavs Rnek 
BATHONIAN . . 
Cornbrush : Forest Jlarble ; Great Oolite nliYovksh. 
BA.rOCIAN . - . 
Middle Iiifeiior Oolite .N Estim- 
AALENIAN . . . 
Cheltenham 
Reds; NortbainpUm Samis . J|| linu. 
TOARCIAN . - . 
Tipper Lias, 
ilotteswold Samis . . “ . 
PLIENSBACHIAN 
Mid Lias, MlrlBtune, Cleveland Ironstone 
SISEMt'UlAN . . 
Loiver Lias 
-I 
UFATANGIAN . . 
Blue Lins 
„ „ a (pars). 
1 
TRIASSIC . . 
RHAETIAN . . . 
XVhite Lias : Penarth Beds 
KUsseiier Schicliten. 
“ 
KRUPERIAN . . 
Wateistonesi Eluiii Sandstone, Tea-(?reen Marls 
CONCHVLIAN . . 
Pebble Beds.'Vnrlesated Sandstone .... 
Mnsehelkalk, Biinter. 
PERMIAN - . 
THl'RINGIAN . . 
Maspicsimn timestonc 
Reebstein. 
PONJABIAN . . 
Red Marls a 
d Sandstones, Fcnritli Beds 
ARTINSKIAN 
Bohemian gas-coal. 
CARBONI- 
OORALIAN . . , 
Coal Mcasui 
-■2 
MOSCOVIAN 
Millstone G 
t; Yoredale Beds Culm ■ . 
< 
BERNICIAN. . . 
Mmiiitain L 
lestone . ., | . 
Lst. of Vis6 and Tonriini. 
DEVONIAN . 
CONDRIISIAN . . 
Upper Devo 
inn 
1- 
EIFELIAN . 
Middle 
Old Red Sandstone . 
COBLENTIAN . . 
Lower 
. 
Iliinsriick Slates. 
— 
o 
SILURIAN . . 
H’DLOVIAN . . 
Downton antt Ludlow Series 
OatlamI Limestone. 
_ 
& 
WENLOCKIAN 
W eiiloek andiWoolliope Series 
Cyi'tograptiis Shales. 
VALENTIAN . . 
Tanititiou and Llandovery Series . . . . 
Pentniiierns Limestone. 
ORDOVICIAN 
CAUADOUIAN . . 
Bala, Chirinirv and Caradoe Series • . . . 
Ores de May. 
LLANDEILIAN. . 
LIumleiln and Middleton Scries . . . , 
Chasmops Limestone. 
ARENIGIAN . . 
Areniu, Shehv. and Skiddaw 
Treniadoe a 
d Sbinctou Beds 
CAMBRIAN 
OLENIDIAN. . . 
Linunl i Flas 
Olemis Shule.s. 
PARADOXIDIAN . 
Menevian Senes 
Aiidrarnm Limestone. 
OLENKLLIAN . . 
Hnrlcel), L'li 
i|fai, and nartsliill Series 
Eoiiliytun Sandstone. 
PRECAMBRIAN 
A 
large series of ixicks of which only the 
iimermost have yielded fossils, and thos 
I for the most pni tubsenre. us the 
worm-hniTows in the Longmynd. 
RELATIVE LENGTHS OF EPOCHS. 
AS REPRESENl’ICD BY THICKNESS OP BOCKS. 
TERTIARY. 
1,000 ft. 
CRETACEOUS 
2,500 ft. 
JURASSIC. 
6,000 ft. 
TRIASSIC. 
3,000 ft. 
PERMIAN. 
1,500 ft. 
CARBONIFEROUS. 
12,000 ft. 
DEVONIAN. 4,000 ft. 
SILURIAN, 
7,000 ft, 
ORDOVICIAN. 
l.I.OOO ft. 
CAMBRIAN. 
12,000 ft. 
PRECAUBRIAN. 
unknown. 
