Gallery X. 
Wall-case 
9. 
Table-ease 
16. 
Table-case 
16. 
20 GUIDE TO THE FOSSIL INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS. 
Virtjnlina (O 04, 58, 05), and Bolivina (K 7U) are 
exhibited fossil representatives of Biiliinininae ; Cnssidulina 
(lig. 3, () 41, Ti 81, 82) is the type of cT third sub-family. 
(0) Cheilostomellidae, calcareous, thin, and finely perforate, 
witli successive chambers in single, alternate, or triple series. 
ytllovio')' 2 '>hi')i(t (K /4), Oheilostomella (B 73), and B/H 2 )soidincc 
are Cretaceous or Tertiary fossils. (7) Lagenidae (Fig. 2>,f-j), 
hyaline and finely perforate, simple shell-wall ; .starting with 
a flask-shaped or spheroidal chamber as in Lagcna (E 33-35), 
other types are formed by the addition of chambers in 
straight series, e.g. Nodosaria (O 1, E 36-38), or curved 
e.g. Margmulina (O 0, 55, E 55, 57, 59, 60, 72), or spiral, 
e.g. Cridellaria (O 14, 19, 44, 47, 82-85, E 61-63), or 
in alternating double or triple series, e.g. Folymorphina 
(0 23, 29, 30, 01-63, E (57-70), while in Bamuliva the 
chambers are joined by branching tubes; all the genera 
mentioned are widely distributed as fossils; (others are 
0 3, 4, 26, 27, 51-54, 60, 67, E 40-54, 56, 66, 77). 
(8) Globigerinidae, hyaline shell of a few swollen 
chambers spirally arranged, Glohigcrina (Fig. 3 h, 0 17, 
76, E 91 ; others are 0 43, 65, E 71, 92, 95). (9) Rota- 
liidae (Fig. 3, o, 2>), hyaline shell typically composed of 
chambers wound spirally like a snail-shell, and either free 
or attached ; (Spiri/lina, E 31 ; Eotaliinae, 0 10, 12, 13, 15, 
34-39, 42, 49, 69-75, 77-79, 89, E 83, 84, 86-90). (10) 
Nummulitidae (Fig. 3, r-t), shell consists of a series of 
chambers coiled in one plane, ami is often tliickened by 
extra layers of shell -substance connected with a system of 
canals distinct from the ordinary communications between 
the chambers and the perforations of the shell-wall ; among 
important fossils are Fusidina (R 96), Nonionina (0 11, 46, 
86, E 94, 96), rolystomeUa (0 45, E 93), AmpMstegina 
(0 40, 98, E 97), Operculina (0 80, 88, R 98), Hctcrostegina 
(O 99, E 99, 100), Nummnlites (0 87), and Orbitoides. The 
complication of structure sometimes attained in this family 
may be studied in an enlarged model of a Nummulite. 
Rotaliidae— o, Rotalia, Lower Cretaceous to Recent ; j), Truncatu- 
lina, Carboniferous to Recent. 
Nummulitidae — r, Archaediscus, Carboniferous; s, Pohjstoviclla, Ju- 
rassic to Recent ; t, Amphistegiiia, Carboniferous, and Tertiary to 
Recent. 
The Epoch mentioned after each genus is the oldest in which it is 
found ; all, except Archaediscus, survive to the present. The figures 
are variously enlarged, from 10 to 1(X) diameters. (From Nicholson’s 
“ Palaiontology,” after H. B. Brady.) 
