Gallery 
VIII. 
East Side. 
Table-eases 
32 , 31 . 
Wall-cases 
18 , 17 , 16 . 
58 GUIDE TO THE FOSSIL INVERTEBllATE ANIMALS. 
pas.s noM’ to Gallery A'lII, which coiitaiirs t'os.sil.s 
b(!loiij:(iu<f to several of the great divi.sioiis of the animal 
kingdom. These are arranged in the following order, 
beginning on tlie right of the entrance and contiiming down 
the east side of the Gallery, and tlien crossing to the west 
side : Echinoderma, Annelida, Arthropoda, llrachiopoda, 
Bryozoa, and Mollusca (exce})t ( 'ephalopoda). These groups 
will now be taken in that onler. 
ECHINODERMA. 
The Sea-Urchin, the Starfi.sh, the Brittle-Star, the Eeather- 
Star, and the Sea-Cucnmber, all of which live in modern 
seas, are examples of this snbkingdom. Thongh differing 
from one another in outward appearance, they resemble one 
another and diller from the rest of the animal kingdom in a 
number of characters which are brietly stated in a label on 
the wall near the entrance. For further information as to 
the anatomy and general a])peariuice of forms now living the 
visitor shoidd consult the Starfish Gallery of the Zoological 
I)e]>artment and the Guide relating thereto. 
The examples mentioned above represent each one of the 
Classes into which this snbkingdom is generally divided. 
Taking them in the same order, the.se are Echinoidea, 
Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Crinoidea, and Holothurioidea. 
Kemains of all tlie.se are found as fossils, and there are also 
at least three Classes, now extinct, and only known from 
fossils in Palaeozoic rocks. They are called Cystidea, 
Edrioasteroidea, and Blastoidea, 
Class CRINOIDEA. 
This Class comes first in the jiresent ari-angement of the 
Gallery. Specimens of some Recent species are placed in 
the "Wall-case close to the entrance, and their Hower-like 
apiiearance enables one to understand why these l.ieautiful 
animals should be called by this Greek word, meaning 
Lily-shaped, and by the popular name Sea-lilies. Though 
they bear this name, and though many of them have a long 
stalk and may be fixed to the sea-floor, still they have 
nothing whatever to do with plants, Imt are highly organised 
animals, with a distinct digestive system shut off from the 
main-body cavity, with nerves, with blood-vessels, and with 
