Gallery 
VII. 
Wall-case 
7 . 
Table-case 
16 . 
W all-case 
7 . 
176 GUIDE TO THE FOSSIL INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS. 
preserve the ink-bag, which in (1. hrevipinnia from the 
Oxford Clay of Christian Malford is sometimes of great size, 
while the ten arms are very short — an obvious correlation. 
Fi-om the Up]>er Lias are also shown the similar shell of 
Tct(thoj)sis, ami that of Bdotcuthis strengthened by a median 
keel. Shells of generally similar cliaracter are found in 
Coccoleiithis \Trachyteiiflds\ from the Solenhofen Stone. An 
a<lmirable specimen preserves ]>ortions of the mantle and 
side-fins, and has eight well-developed arms bearing suckers ; 
the two long arms found in recent Decai)oda may have been 
present but retracted. A very large shell of this genus is at 
the bottom of the (Jase. In Plcsio/culhis prisen- from the 
same stratum the shell is reduced to a long narrow pen, with 
the side ex])ansions at its hinder end and quite small. The 
same genus occurs in the Senonian rocks of the Lebanon, 
whence come Plcsiotcuthis Fraasi and the allied Doratcuthis 
sjjrinca (Fig. SO h), both with eight short and possibly two 
long arms. 
A shell in which the phragmocone is still preserved, as 
in I'hragmotcuthis, but in which the guard is reduced to a 
thin shiny coat, is that of Pdemnoteuthis anliqua (Fig. 8(i a). 
There is shown a fine series of this from the ( Oxford Clay, 
chiefly of Christian Malford (see }). 15G). The ten short arms 
are well seen, and in one specimen seem to have caught a 
small fish. AcanilioteuiMs from the Solenhofen Stone is said 
to have had a shell with more reduced phragmocone and 
larger pro-ostracum. Specimens are sliown preserving the 
.arms, eight or ten in number, with well-marked hooks; the 
m.antle ; and a membrane round the mouth like that of living 
Onychoteuthidie. Conotenfhis 8.7//), of which fo-ssils .are 
shown from hfeocomian, Aptian, and Albian rocks, had a 
small curved phragmocone, suggesting the end of the 
Ommastrephes shell (idg. 85 h). 
The specimen of Palaeocfopits Ncwholdi, from the Senonian 
of Lebanon, is the oldest fossil Octopod. There is no evidence 
to show from which of the races just described it may have 
been derived. 'With the Octopoda, which are the most highly 
specialised of IMollusca, and furnish some of the monsters of 
modern seas, we reach the end of this sketch of extinct 
invertebr.ate animals. 
