2 NTMPHALID.E. 
Marsliall & de Niceville, Butt. Ind. i. p. 4.2 (1882) ; Distant, Rliop. Malay, p. 408, 
pi. xli. fig. 15, S (1886) ; Pryer, Rhop. Nilion. p. 29, pi. viii. fig. 9. 
Danais sita, Kollar, Hiigel's Kaschmir, iv. p. 424, pi. vi. (1848). 
Cadvga ty/ia, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud. 1883, p. 249; Lep. Ind. p. 61, pi. xv. 
figs. 1-V,S ? (1890). 
Primaries black, the discoidal cell and submediau interspace to beyond the middle filled in with 
pale blue ; there are three spots of the same colour on costa beyond outer extremity of discoidal 
cell, and three subapical streaks ; the median interspaces are occupied by large pale blue spots, 
and there are two series of bluish-white spots on the marginal area. Secondaries ferruginous ; 
the cell and basal half of submediau interspace pale blue, and there are spots of the same 
colour in the nervular interspaces ; a series of bluish-white spots on marginal area ; there is 
a bifurcated reddish streak in the cell. Male with a velvety black glandular patch near 
outer angle. 
Head and thorax black, marked with whitish ; abdomen ferruginous above and ringed with white 
beneath in the male, but entirely white in the female. 
The female only differs from the male in having the spots on outer margin of u]iper surface of both 
wings better defined. 
Expanse 80-110 millim. 
This is a conspicuous species, and one of the largest of the genus. It 
occiu's throughout the Himalayas ; in China it is common, is found all over 
Japan, and has been recorded by Oberthiir from the Isle of Askold. 
I observed a curious habit this Butterfly has, on the Island of Kami 
Koshigi, oiF the coast of Satsuma. Just at dusk they ceased flying, and each 
chose out a small dead branch of a fir tree, on which it hung close to the 
trunk, with the Avings folded over its back. They were very easy to see, and 
appeared never to choose a large branch or one more than fifteen feet above 
the ground. By working Avith my net on a long bamboo I succeeded in 
procuring an extensive series in a very short time. 
According to Col. Lang, as quoted by Marshall and de Niceville, this insect 
frequents the wooded glens in the Western Himalayas, at an altitude of 
6000 to 7000 feet. Capt. A. Graham Young observes that it is not uncommon 
in Kulu, and that there are four broods in the year — the first brood appearing 
in April, and the fourth in October. 
The specimens in my own collection were captured from May, throughout 
the summer, to September, and at elevations ranging fi-om sea-level in Japan 
to 9000 feet in Western China. The Chinese and Japanese specimens are 
rather darker than examples from India. 
