70 NrMPHALID^. 
Yar. psmpera. " Tar. minor, orbieulis (cyaneo-pupillati8)anticarum supra suhtusque fulvescente 
cinctis ; subtus alis magis grisescentibus, pallidioribus, vis signatis. c5' =42 mm." 
(^Alpherciky, I. c.) 
Var. sibirica. " Subtus c? ct 5 omnino unicolor." (StaucUnr/er, I. c.) 
"Var. astrsa, var. nov. (Plate XIII. fig. 6.) Male. Brown, with a golden sheen ; the ocelli on 
primaries are about equal in size, and those of secondaries are complete and four in number ; 
under surface greyish brown ; discal area of primaries tinged with ochreous ; three wliitish 
patches on the central area of secondaries indicate the transverse band of the type : there is a 
small black spot near anal angle, and the siibmarginal line is sharply dentate, blackish. 
Female. Similar in colour to the male, but this sex has only three ocelli on upper surface of the 
secondaries, and the band on under surface is well defined, and often broader than in the 
type. 
Specimens of S. dryas from Western China often have three, and sometimes 
four, ocelli on the secondaries. On the under surface the secondaries are 
often unicolorous and without black spots, but frequently they are far more 
variegated than in the type ; the limiting blackish line of basal two thu'ds is 
often acutely angulated, and the interior greyish streak ftom costa mucli 
broader ; the submarginal band is replaced by a black dentated line. On 
Plate XIII. two of the varieties are figured : figure 1 is the How-kow form, 
which is similar to, but not identical Avith, var. ■paujjera, Alph. ; figure 6 
represents the form from Ta-chien-lu described by me as var. astroea. 
In Central and Eastern China, Japan, and the Corea, 8. dryas is represented 
by a form identical Avith Amur specimens. Plate XIII. fig. 3 is a curious 
aberration of the female from Hakodate, Japan. M. Alpheraky informs me 
that he has taken in the region to the north of the Caucasus specimens of 
S. dryas which are not separable from var. sibirica, and that examples of the 
species fi-om Kuldja, taken by himself, cannot be distinguished from either 
Siberian or Caucasian specimens. 
Genus AULOCERA. 
Aulocera, Butler, Eut. Mo. Mag. iv. p. 121 (1867). 
" Alee magnfe, nigroe albo-fasciata} ; ciliis latis albis nigro-variegatis ; venis anticarum velut in 
Hi^^parehia ad basin autem minus tumidis; postica; venis velut in Hipparchia, cella autem 
discoidali magis Integra ; costa magis convexa ; corpus lanare ; palpis velut in Hipparchia. 
" Antennis, clava gradatim formata, subtus stria media longitudinali leviter excavata. 
" Closely allied to Hipparchia, from which it chiefiy differs in the form of 
