A 1' AT UK A. 161 
wliicli is dull uclireoiis, aru white. The sj)ots loiming costal jwrtion of central band un 
primaries and the hand of secondaries differ in appearance from those of female iris in the 
same way that they do in the males of these two forms. 
This form, which appears to stand in the same relation to yl. iris that 
c/i/tie and other brown forms do to A. ilia, occurs at Ta-chien-lu, Wa-shan, 
Ne-tou, Wa-ssu-kow, Che-tou, Chia-ting-fu, in Western China, and at How- 
kow in Thibet. It flies in June and July, and is found up to 10,000 feet. 
Males of the typical form from China are rather larger than average 
Eui'opean specimens, and tlie under surface is deeper chocolate. The 
majority of the females arc typical, but a few specimens from Chang-yang 
and Pu-tsu-fong have the usual white markings, with the exception of the 
subapical spots, replaced by yellow. According to Staudingcr (Rom. sur 
Lop. vi. p. 168) this form also occui's in Amurland and occasionally in 
Germany. M. Oberthiii' records A. iris from the Isle of Askold, and 
observes that the specimens from that locality do not differ from French 
examples of the species (Etud. d'Entom. v. p. 17). 
Generally distributed in Western China, and is not uncommon at Chang- 
yang in Central China. Abundant in many parts of South-western and 
Central Em-ope, and is also found in Asia Minor and the Amur-. 
Apatura ilia. 
Fapilio ilia, yView. Verz. p. 172 (1776) ; Hiibner, Eur. Sclimett. i. figs. 115, 116 (1794) ; 
figs. 809, 810 (1824-1826). 
Papilio iris, Esper, Sclimett. i. pi. xi. fig. 2, ? (1777); pi. 37. fig. 1, ^ (1778). 
Apatura ilia, Lang, Butt. Eur. p. 157, pi. xxxv. fig. 1 (1884). 
Papilio clytie, Wien.Yerz. p. 321 (1776); Hiibuer, Eur. Sclimett. i. figs. 113,114 
(1794 ?) ; Lang, 1. c. pi. xxxv. fig. 2, ? . 
Apatura metis, Freyer, Beitr. ii. pi. 67, fig. 1 (1829) ; Herr.-Schaff. Schmett. Eur. i. 
figs. 539-541 (1851-1856) ; Lang, 1. c. pi. xxxv. fig. 3. 
Apatura bunea, Herricli-Scliiiffer, Sclimett. Eur. i. figs. 161-164 (1844); Lang, 1. c. 
pi. xxxv. fig. 4. 
Apatura substituta, Butler, Cist. Entom. i. p. 159 (1873). 
Apatura ilia, var. substituta, Pryer, Rhop. Nihon. p. 22, pi. 5. fig. 9, <^ (1886). 
" Expands 2-0 to 2-50 inches. The typical form of this species is very similar to iris at the first 
glance, but on examination will be found to present many important differences ; the chief 
points of distinction are : — 1. The presence in both sexes of an orange ring on the upper 
surface of the fore wings near the anal angle. 2. The white fascia of the hind wings has 
not, as in ins, a spur-like projection, but is nearly straight on its outer edge. 3. The under- 
side will be seen to differ in the distinctness of the markings, and the hind wings are delicately 
