178 NYMPHALTD.E. 
tarsus, the second, third, and fourth gradually shortening, each with a pair of short spines 
at the tip, on the lower side, the terminal joint very small, with two very short straight 
spines. 
" Four hind legs moderately long and rohust, scaly ; femur hairy beneath ; tibia of equal length 
with the femur, with strong spines beneath (except at the basal one-third) and at the tip, 
tibial spurs strong ; tarsus equal to the tibia in length and thickness, with four rows of 
spines beneath ; claws rather large, but not so long as the terminal setae of the tarsus, 
strongly curved, and very acute ; paronychia bifid, setose, nearly as long as the claws; 
pulvillus short. 
" Abdomen rather small. 
" Laeva subcyiindrical, narrowed behind, with setose tubercles on the sides of the body, and with 
several pairs of elongated, obtuse, hairy spines on the back, those towards the bead being 
the longest. Pupa suspended by the tail, head-case beaked or bifid, gibbose on the back 
of the thorax." {Westu'ood, I. c) 
This genus is represented in North America, Europe, and throughout nearly 
the whole of Asia. 
Limenitis albomaculata. (Plate XVI. fig. 3, cj .) 
Limenitis albomaculata, Leech, Entomologist, xxiv., Suppl. Feb. p. 28 (1891) ; Obcrtliiir, 
Etud. d'Entom. xvi. p. 7, pi. ii. fig. 15 (1892). 
Male. Velvety black ; an elongated oval white spot, edged externally with bluish, is placed 
obliquely on the central area of primaries, and a smaller white spot lies towards the apex of 
the wing ; a large white transverse oval spot occupies the central area of the secondaries, — ■ 
this is edged outwardly with blue, but its lower end is not well defined. Fringes of the 
ground-colour chequered with white. Under surface reddish brown : primaries have an 
abbreviated oblique central fascia bluish white ; the disoal cell is nearly filled up with 
blackish, and crossed by two bluish-white bars ; there is a broad, blackish, longitudinal dash 
in each norvular interspace ; these are more or less interrupted towards outer margin ; towards 
apex there are two white spots, the lower of these is nearly round : secondaries have the basal 
half bluish white, except along the costal area, which is reddish brown ; central transverse 
fascia slightly curved and attenuated towards the anal angle ; the median portion of this band 
is white, the extremities bluish, and it is bordered on each side by a blackish line ; on the 
outer marginal area is a double series of black spots, both followed by an interrupted violet- 
grey transverse line. 
Expanse 64-76 millim. 
Moupin, at an elevation of from 10,000 to 12,000 feet. 
Superficially resembles Athyma imnctata, Leech (Entom. xxiii. p. 33), and 
also Hypolimnas misippus, Linn. The female has not yet been found. 
This is one of the very fine species discovered in some numbers by 
Herr Kricheldoi-fF at Moupin in 1890. M. Oberthiir (/. c.) records this species 
from " the region north of Ta-chien-lu." 
