184 NYMPHALIDJi:. 
Chinese specimens have the clubs of the antermse entirely black as in the 
type, but a few specimens have the extreme apex of club tinged with brown. 
Occurs tlu'oughout Western China, and is fairly common. 
Limenitis helmanni. (Plate XVll. fig. 8, var.) 
Liinenitis helmanni, Lederer, Verb, zool.-bot. Ges. Wien (1853), p. 356, pi. i. fig. 4; 
Lang, Butt. Eur. p. 216 (1884). 
Athyma pryeri, Moore, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xx. p. 47 (1877). 
Limenitis helmanni, var. duplicata, Staudinger, Rom. sur Lep. vi. p. 172 (1892). 
" Expands from 1-75 to 2 inches. Blackish brown : fore wings with a central row of six white spots ; 
there are three or four near the apex ; there is a white basal streak, and at its outer extremity 
a triangular white spot, with the apex outwards. Hind wings with a central band made up 
of six white spots. Underside very like that of L. sihyllci, but the fore wings have a white 
basal streak and a triangular spot, and the spots of the ventral row are smaller. Hind wings 
as in L. sihylla, but the central band is narrower and bluer, and the submarginal rows of 
black spots are wanting." (Lang, I. c.) 
Dr. Staudinger [l. c.) describes the Amiulaud form as follows : — 
Var. duplicata, " All the white markings are wider. The spots are generally much larger, 
the lower spots are broader, and the upper three are more produced ; the bands on the 
secondaries are generally twice, and in some examples three times as broad as in typicul 
helmanni." 
This form has not been met with in any part of the region dealt with in 
the present work. 
The Chinese form (Plate XVII. fig. 8, d ) of this species has been 
described, under the name of Athyma pryeri, by Mr. Moore as follows : — 
Var. pryeri, Moore. " Male. Near to A. helmanni from the Altai, but differs from the same sex 
of that species in its larger size, the fore wing being more produced at the apex ; this wing 
above having the markings more prominent and longer, and a distinct marginal row of white 
streaks ; the band on the hind wing is also broader, and there is a very prominent marginal 
row of white streaks. Underside similarly but more prominently marked ; the marginal 
white streaks on hind wing also prominent (these being nearly obsolete, both above 
and beneath, in A. helmanni), with broader interspace between them and the median 
hand. Exp. 2| inches.'" {Moore, I. e.) From the Snowy Valley, Ningpo. 
The type of pryeri, which appears to be a female, is in the collection of 
Messrs. Salvin and Godman. 
This species varies in the vsddth of the white markings in the same way as 
its allies. Dr. Fixsen records typical specimens from Corea, where I also 
met with the species commonly at Gensan, in June and July 1886. I also 
