224 NYMPHALIDJ;:. 
Argynnis pales. 
Argynnis pales, Schiffermiller, Wien. Verz. p. 177 (1776) ; Lang, Butt. Eur. p. 198, 
pi. slvii. fig. 1 (1884) ; Elwes, Trans. Eut. Soc. Lond. 1889, p. 550. 
" Expands from I'lG to 1'40 inch. Bright fulvous, spotted with black; bases dark. Marginal 
fringes plain. Underside : fore wings with very indistinct black spots ; hind wings with a 
marginal row of pearly or silvery spots ; the area of the wing variegated with yellow, 
purple, and reddish brown, and with silvery spots mostly with a triangular outline. 
" Larva. Grey, with a pale yeUow dorsal streak ; spines flesh-coloured, and set on black elevations. 
On violets, V. montana and V. canina, generally in July." (Lang, I. c.) 
Appears to be a scarce species in China. 1 have only received three male 
specimens, Avhicli were taken at an elevation of over 9000 feet in June and 
July. Two of these are from the high Thibetan plateau at How-kow, and 
the other from Pu-tsu-fong. The specimens are very brightly coloured, but 
there is less silvery marking than in the usual Em-opean form, although it 
agrees very well with some specimens in my collection from Switzerland. 
In the North-west Himalayas A. pales is represented by the following 
three forms: — sipora, Moore (P. Z. S. 1874, p. 568, pi. Ixvi. fig. 11) ; hara- 
lacha, Moore (P. Z. S. 1882, p. 242, pi. xi. figs. 1, 1 «) ; generator, Staudinger, 
(S. e. Z. 1886, p. 235) ; the Chinese specimens do not, however, agree Avith 
any of these forms. 
M. Grum-Grshimailo has sent me some specimens from Amdo, which are 
paler than my Chinese examples and agree in some respects with sipora, 
Moore ; also specimens of the generator form from Thian-chan. 
Staudinger (Rom. sur Lep. vi.) states that a few specimens of a small form 
of this species were taken by Graeser near Nikolajewsk in Amurland, which 
are intermediate between typical A. pales and var. arsUache, and are perhaps 
referable to var. lapponica. 
This variable species is widely distributed in Northern Eiu'ope, occm-ring 
at high elevations in Switzerland, the Pyrenees, and Northern Greece ; its 
range extends to the Altai, North-eastern Siberia, Amurland, North-west 
Himalayas, Chumbi, Bhotan {Elwes), and North-west China. 
Argynnis gong. 
Argynnis gong, Oberthiir, Etud. d'Entom, ix. p. 15, pi. ii. fig. 9 (1884), 
Argynnis charis, Oberthiir, Etud. d'Entom. xv. p. 8, pi. i. fig. 4 (1891). 
Argynnis era, Grum-Grshimailo, Horse Ross. 1891, p. 456. 
■Rright fulvous, marked and spotted with black. The base of primaries is black, clothed with 
