23G NYMPHALID^. 
uuder surface the silver spots of secondaries are always larger and more 
conspicuous in the females than in the males, and the female onlj^ is adorned 
with silver spots on apical area of primaries. 
Mr. Elwes * considers that A. nerij^j^e is allied to A. niohe, and thinks that 
it may possibly be an extreme eastern form of that species. 
Common in Japan, Corea, and Western and Central China. At Kiukiang 
it is more abundant than A. adiijpe. 
Argynnis laodice. 
PapUio laodice, Pallas, Reise, i. App. p. 470 (1771?) ; Esper, Scbmett. i. pt. 2, pi. 93. 
tig. 1 (1785?), pi. 102. fig. 4 (1790?). 
Argynnis laodice, Godart, Enc. Meth. ix. p. 270 (1819) ; Boisduval, Icones, pi. xxi. 
figs. 4-6 (1832); Laug, Butt. Eur. p. 213, pi. li. fig. 4 (1884); Piyer, Rliop, 
Nihon. p. 29, pi. viii. fig. 5 (1889). 
Argynnis laodice, \ar.japonica, Meuetries, Cat. Mus. Petr. p. 102, pi. x. fig. 3 (1857). 
"Expands from 2-25 to 2-50 inches. Hiud margins of fore wings slightly concave, especially in the 
female. Hind margins of hind wings rather more dentate than in the preceding species. All 
the wings fulvous in hoth sexes, brightest in the male, spotted with black as in the other 
species, but the hiud marginal spots are more distinctly separated and less crescentic in form. 
Underside : fore wings fulvous, spotted with black, tinged with yellowish green at the apex 
and along the hind margins. Hind wings with all the silver spots absent, except the central 
row ; the basal portion of the wing as far as this is yellow, marked with one or two fine red 
lines ; the silvery spots are small and indistinct in the male, but more strongly defined in the 
female; immediately external to these is a dark brownish purjile baud, shading off into lighter 
purplish brown, upon which are two parallel rows of dark spots ; the hind margin is rather 
broadly light yellow." {Lanij, I. c.) 
Yar. japomca, Menetries. " En dessus, les ailes superieures ofirent, chez presque toutes les 
femelles, une tache blanche situee pres du bord auterieur, un peu au dessus, et interieure- 
ment de la P tache noire de la 2= range'e du bord externe; toutes les taches noires sont 
disposees comma cbez les individus des diifereutes contrees de la Eussie, mais plus grosses et 
bien marque'es. En dessous, les couleurs sont beaucoup plus vives chez cette race du Japon ; 
les ailes superieures presentent. au cote interne de chaque tache noire de la 2"^ rangee pres du 
bord externe de ces ailes, une tache blanche bien marquee qui chez les individus du midi de 
la Kussie se laisse a peine soupijonner ; la moitie basale des ailes inferieures est de teinte plus 
verdiitre, les taches argentees sont plus grandes et plus brillantes, et la teinte violette de la 
moitie posteiieure de ccs ailes est plus foncee et plus brillante." {Menetries, J. c.) 
This species exhibits a good deal of variation in size and also in colour, 
liussian specimens are always paler than those from places fmther east. 
* Trans. Ent. Soc. 1889, p. 559. 
