244 NYMPHALID^. 
line broadly l)orderccl by silvery white : a discal row of spots centred with silvery white." 
(Moore, h c.) 
Larva. " Head and legs black, body black, this colour, however, almost obscured by the orange- 
tawny markings. A broad orange-tawny dorsal stripe. Four straight horizontal simple 
black spines on head ; spines on pectoral segments black ; on abdominal segments pink, 
tipped with black ; on caudal segments pink, faintly black-tipped. Piijja : Head and wing- 
cases pale Indian red ; ten pale metallic spots on back ; abdomen dark pink ; spines faintly 
black-tipped." ( Young) : " The head ends in two well separated blunt points ; there are a 
pair of spines anteriorly, another pair in the middle, and a third smallest pair posteriorly on 
the thorax, the latter being hunched and keeled, on the abdominal segments there are eight 
pairs of spines, the third anterior pair the largest." {de XieevUle, 7. c) 
The following is a descriptiou of a larva of A. niphe which I took at 
Kagoshima, in the pro\ince of Satsuma, Maj^ 10th, 1886 : — 
Length 14 inch. Ground-colour of body, head, and legs velvety black; dorsal stripe deep 
orange ; abdominal legs externally tipped with a brownish-orange spot ; spines branched, 
four on each of the first three segments, six on each of the remainder, with the exception of 
the anal segment, which has only four ; the two dorsal spines of the second segment point 
forward ; spines on the first three segments and the dorsal pair of the fourth segment black, 
the remainder are of a bright dark red, tipped with black ; on each side of the body, from 
the fifth segment onwards, is an irregular network of faint pale markings. Feeds on a 
species of Viola. 
Pupa. Light brown, with darker markings, having two spines on the under surface of each 
abdominal segment ; the thoracic segments have each two bright gold spots on the under 
surface ; the head terminates in two short horny projections. Kemains ten days to a 
fortnight in this stage. 
Under the name of Argynnh castetsi, M. Oberthiir (Etud. d'Entom. xv. 
pi. i. fig. 1) figures a curious variety of the female of A. nijihe fi'om Trichi- 
nopoly. This remarkable specimen, which was previously recorded (Bull. 
Soc. Ent. Fr. 1889, p. ccxxxiv), has exactly the male coloration and is 
entirely Avithout any of the characteristic markings of the female. Mr. Elwes 
(Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1889, p. 563) says that the Australian form [incon- 
^tans, Butler) is smaller, duller in colour, and the female is without the white 
band. In Western China A. niphe is abundant at Omei-shan, Wa-shan, 
Moupin, Chia-kou-ho, and Chia-ting-fu ; also at Chang-yang and Ichang, 
Central China. It is recorded from Ningpo. Pryer says that it is rare at 
Yokohama, but common in South Japan from March to July. I found the 
species in some numbers at Nagasaki and in the provinces of Higo and 
Satsuma in May. On one occasion I found the larva, pupa, and imago all 
together in the same place. 
According to de NiceviUe it occurs throughout the Himalayas, in Bombay, 
