256 NYMPHALID.t:. 
■with the outer end of the cell usually marked with a prominent ochreous spot, the black spots 
placed on the blue band above more or less present as obscure ocelli. 
•' FimaU. Usually larger than the male, markings similar, but the marginal fine blue lines 
usually obsolete, the angulations of the outer margins broader and larger." (de JViceville, I. c.) 
Tar. glaucoma, Motschulsky. " Pigura Van. pohjcMora' et cliaronke, sed color supra nigro- 
subfuscus, subtus fuscus nigro-variegatus, alis anticis supra : maculis anticis duabus alhidis 
sublateralibus, ocelliformibus, postice tribus eseruleis ; alis posticis supra : fascia obliqua, 
sublaterali, catenulata, anticc posticeque abbreviata, cserulea, ocellis medio unipuuctatis ; alis 
anticis subtus : maculis anticis duabus albis, alis posticis subtus : medio puncto minutissimo 
albo. Exp. al. 21 1." (Moischulski/, I. c) 
Common all over Japan and ('orea. It is a variable species in the 
contour of the wings, width of the blue submarginal bands, and the size and 
colour of the costal spots, which may be either blue {canace) or white 
{glaucoma) ; the blue submarginal band of the fore wing, which usually 
ceases at its junction with the larger costal spot, is in some specimens carried 
up as far as the apical spot, noticeably so in specimens taken in the mountain 
districts of Central Japan in October. 
Fixsen (Rom. sur Lep. iii. p. 296) says that the specimens from the Corca 
are nearer to Japanese specimens than to Amurland examples. 
So far as I know the var. glaucoma appears to be confined to Japan and 
the Loochoo Islands. In China the species is represented by the typical form 
only ; it is widely distributed, and some of the specimens from Western and 
Central China are very large, expanding fi-om 80-90 millim. 
In India V. canace occurs throughout the Himalayas, and its range extends 
into Burma and Assam. 
This insect is very partial to the gummy exudation from wild cheiTy and 
other trees. Its flight is rapid, but when disturbed it usually returns to the 
same place. Like P. atalanta and the species of Vanessa, it is fond of 
sitting on wet places on the roads. 
Vanessa antiopa. 
Pajnlio antiojm, Linnseus, Syst. Nat. x. p. 476 (1758) ; Esper, Schmett. i, pt. i. pi. xii. 
fig. 2 (1777), pi. xxix. fig. 2 (1778); Hiibner, Eur. Schmett. i. figs. 79, 80 
(1793?). 
Vanessa antiopa, Godart, Enc. Meth. is. p. 308 (1819) ; Lang, Butt. Eur. p. 176, 
pi. xli. fig. 2 (1884); de Niceville, Butt. Ind. ii. p. 232 (1886); Pryer, Rhop. 
Nihon. p. 26, pi. vii. fig. 1 (1889). 
