VANESSA. 2o7 
"Male and female. Uppcrsido : both wings rich dark chestnut, tho outer margin broadly and 
evenly white or pale straw-coloured, more or less densely striated with black ; along the inner 
edge of this border is a black band, broader than the pale margin in the hind wing, narrower 
in tho fore wing, bearing a series of rich shining blue oval spots between tho veins, which 
become obsolete towards the anal angle of the hind wing. Fore wing with two sliort sub- 
costal white or pale straw-coloured bars, the costa striated with tho same colour. Underside : 
both wings with the outer border as above, but paler and more densely striated, all the rest 
of the wing black, densely striated with deeper black ; sometimes with a more or less 
prominent ochrcous spot at the lower end of tho cell. Fore wing with tho subcostal bars as 
above, but less distinct. Hind wing with a narrow black irregular discal line." {de Nice- 
viUe, I. c.) 
" Larva. Black, with white dots ; from the til'th to tho eleventh segments is a row of dorsal light 
red spots. The spines are black or dark brown ; it feeds on Snll.v alia, sometimes on nettle 
or on birc-I), in the spring and early summer." {Laiuj, 1. c.) 
For a more detailed description of this larva see Buckler's, ' Larvue of British 
Butterflies,' i. pp. 52-54. I took this species at Hakodate in August and iu 
Oiwake (Central Japan) in October. It has the habit of settling on the 
road, and, when disturbed, taking a short flight and returning to the same 
spot. 
In China V. antiopa only occurs, so far as I am aware, in the western 
portion of the country, where it is found not uncommonly at high altitudes. 
Except that the yellow border is just a trifle brighter and more thickly 
sprinlded with black scales, the Japanese and Chinese specimens do not 
difler from European examples. 
Distributed throughout the temperate portions of the Northern Hemisphere. 
Vanessa urticSB. (Plate XXV. fig. l, var.) 
Papilio urticce, Linuteus, Syst. Nat. x. p. 4:77 (1758) ; Esper, Scliraett. i. jit. i. pi. xiii. 
fig. 2 (1777) ; Hiibncr, Eur. Schmett. i. figs. 87-89 (1793 ?). 
Vanessa urticce, Godart, Enc. Metli. ix. p. 30G (1819) ; Laug, Butt. Eur. p. 173, pi. xl. 
fig. 3 (1884) ; Prycr, Rhop. Nihou. p. 26, pi. vi. fig. 8 (1888). 
Vanessa connexa, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud. 1881, p. 851. 
" Expands from 2-0 to 2-30 inches. Hind margins of aU the wings dentate ; the fore wings have 
only one angular projection. ^Ul the wing's are reddish orange, with rather narrow dark 
border enclosing a row of bright blue lunules. The fore wings have three black spots on the 
eosta, two small ones in the centre, and one larger one on the inner margin, not two as in the 
jircecding species [v-album~\ ; the space between the costal spots is yellow ; external to the 
ibird one is a white spot; there is also a yellow patch external to the inner marginal spot. 
Hind wings blackish at the base, on the costa a large black spot with a yellow patch placed 
externally to it. Underside: the markings have much the character of V. polifchlorus and 
V..vantJtome1as, but are much lighter." (Lain/, I.e.) 
