262 NTMPHALID^. 
two folio-wing interspaces, the margin broadly black bearing two indistinct ocbreous lines, 
the base and inner margin sprinkled with fuscous scales. Hind wing with a large rounded 
black spot from the middle of the costa to the disooidal nervule, with a white quadrate spot 
placed outwardly against it, the margin broadly black enclosing a more or less distinct series 
of rounded spots paler than the ground-colour and two indistinct marginal lines. Underside 
ochreous, but very variable, both in the tone of the ground-colour and the extent and disposi- 
tion of the markings, more or less densely irrorated and striated with various shades of black, 
brown, and white, the basal area darker, sharply outwardly defined with a very irregular 
black line, the outer margin of the fore wing between the angulations also darker, and 
bearing a bluish line ; hind wing with a small white mark at the end of the cell often 
obsolete." (de Niceville, I. c.) 
Larva. *' Brownish red, with a dark dorsal line and yellowish-white lateral stripes ; the spines 
are yellowish with darker tips. Gregarious on poplar and sallow in June." {Lang, I. c.) 
This species occm's in Yezzo and mountainous districts of Central Japan, 
Amurland, Kashmir, Northern Asia, Central Russia, and Eastern Eui'ope. 
Oberthiir (Etud. d'Entom. v. p. 15) says that it is common in the Isle of 
Askold. It has not hitherto been found in China, but probably may occur 
in mountainous parts of that country. 
My Japanese examples of V. vau-album do not differ from European 
specimens of the species. 
Genus GRAPTA. 
Grapta, Kirby, Fauna Bor.-Am. iv. p. 292 (1837) ; Doubleday, Gen. Diurn. Lep. i. 
p. 195 ; Godman & Salvin, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lep. Rhop. i. p. 216. 
" The secondary male sexual organs in Grapta have the tegumen very feeble, but with lateral 
projections, one on each side, meeting in the middle line below the central spine ; the harpa- 
gones have the dorsal edge prolonged into a stout incurving spine. 
" The palpi are hairy, and clothed anteriorly with densely matted scales ; the terminal joint is about 
one third the middle joint, which is slightly swollen ; the antenna3 have 37 joints, whereof 
11 form a moderate club, the last joint of which is blunt ; the front legs of the male are 
slightly hairy but clothed with densely matted scales ; coxa = | femur -|- trochanter ; tibia 
— femur ; tarsus = | tibia ; the claws of the other legs are strongly curved, the paronychia 
being also curved and the pulvillus well developed. The margins of the wings are very 
undulating, the costa of the primaries sinuated towards the base ; the first and second 
subcostal branches are thrown off before the end of the cell, the third a short way beyond it ; 
the upper discoceUular is short and only half the middle. The costal nervure of the 
secondaries is much curved, the precostal being nearly at right angles to it. Grapta may 
be distinguished from Vanessa not only by the curvature of the costa and the crenulated 
margin in both wings, but by the palpi and front legs being clothed with large densely- 
matted scales." (Godman and Salvin, I. c.) 
