266 NYMPHALID^. 
According to de Nic^ville {I. c.) V. c-album occurs in the Himalayas, from 
Kashmu- to Sikkim, and is very variable in the shape of the wings, coloration, 
and extent and definition of the markings ; the same -wiiter is of opinion that 
G. agnicula *, Moore, is only a form of this species. 
Grapta c-aureum. (Plate xxv. figs. 3 $ , 4 var. s .) 
Papilio c-aureuni; Liunseus, Syst. Nat. xii. p. 778 (1767). 
Polygonia c-aureum, Hiibner, Samml. Exot. Sclimett. (1816-1824). 
Vanessa c-aureum, Godart, Enc. Meth. ix. p. 324 (1819) ; Pryer, Rhop. Nihon. p. 25, 
pi. vi. figs. 7 a, 7 b (1888). 
Papilio angelica, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. ijI. 388. figs. G, H (1782). 
Vanessa pry eri, Janson, Cist. Ent. ii. p. 269 (1878). 
Light fulvous. On the primaries there are three black spots in the discoidal cell, which is closed 
by an elongated square black spot ; towards apex there is a large blackish patch, often united 
with the first of an oblong series of four large black spots ; another large black spot, 
bipupillated with blue, lies towards inner angle, and two smaller ones, with blue centres, 
towards apex ; submargiual and marginal bands black, the space between them often filled 
up with black or fuhginous, excejit near inner angle. Secondaries have the area black, 
covered with long light fulvous hairs ; three large black spots represent an angulated central 
band ; submargiual band black, preceded by a series of sis blue-centred black spots, the 
upper three united and the lower three often only separated from each other by the median 
nervules ; sometimes the first spot of lower trio is united with the submargiual band. 
Under surface ochreous-yellow, traversed by darker lines, and mottled towards apex of 
primaries with brownish ; all the wings have a darker central band limited b}- brownish lines, 
the outer one deepl)' angulated : the primaries have some brownish marks in the discoidal 
cell and a whitish spot towards apex, below which is often a series of black points, sometimes 
* Grapta agnicula, Sfoore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1872, p. 5.59. 
" Male and Female. Cpperside bright fulvous red ; both wings with prominent black markings 
disposed as in Kashmir specimens of G. e-allmm, excepting that in the fore wing the basal 
spot within the cell is broken up into two well-separated spots, and the marginal band in the 
male is nearly obsolete at the apex. Female with a broader marginal blackish-grey band, the 
band on the fore wing bordered by an inner row of yellowish spots, and that on the 
hind wing by a medial row of yellow spots. Underside very dark greyish brown, brownest 
at the base within the irregular medial transverse line, and covered with minute black striga; ; 
a transverse discal row of hardly perceptible small black spots with pale borders ; a white 
comma -like mark on hind wing. 
" Hah. Katmandu, Nepal ; Goolmurg, North-east Kashmir." (Moore, I. c.) 
I have taken specimens of this insect, together with typical G. c-album, in the Goorais Valley, 
Kashmir, and have also received examples from Ladak, Lahoul, and Kulu, collected up to an 
elevation of 18,000 feet above sea-level. — J. H. L. 
